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'  sovNiis  trnicH  .wonf:ss  ivej'Z^k.ahe  wstanodw 
yy  ONE  SHOUT  iioru:  hit m  \r  wuicu  sTHiiois  the  eye , 
u\'Es  Lose,  m'on  Tin:  misii-.thk p.irnitVLSiafrr 

KNOnAVES  THE  KSOMIJUKif:  WCHI  .1  HEAM  Of  IJOHV' 


COMPLETE   GUIDE 

TO  THE 

ART   OF  WRITING 

S   H   0   R  T-H   AND: 

BEING 
AN  ENTIRELY  NEW  AND  COMPREHENSIVE  SYSTEM 

OP 

REPRESENTING  THE  ELEMENTARY  SOUNDS 

OF    THE 

English  Language  in  Stenographic  Characters ; 

BT  MEANS  OF  WHICH,  THE  EXACT  WORDS  OF  ANY  PUBLIC  SPEAKEE  MAT 

BE  RECORDED  AS  PRONOUNCED,  AND  PRESERVED  IN  A  LEGIBLE 

FORM,  SO  AS  TO  BE  READ  AT  ANY  FUTURE  PERIOD,  WITH 

THE  UTMOST  DEGREE  OF  EASE  AND  FACILITY. 


Prepared  expressly  for  the  use  of  Schools  and  Private  Tuition. 

BY     T.    TOWNDROW, 
professor  of  Stertoflraphg. 


NEW  YORK: 

F.  J.  HUNTINGTON  AND  Co., 

174  Pearl  Street. 

1841. 


Enteeed 

according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1837,  by 

THOMAS  TOWNDROW, 

m  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  Massachusetts. 


STEBEOTVPED  BT 

FBAKC18    T.    RIFtET, 

HEW-TORK. 


SQ 


PREFACE 


The  Author  of  this  treatise  is  exceedingly  gratified  in  be- 
ing able  to  present  to  the  public  another  edition  of  his  work 
on  the  Science  of  Stenography.    The  extraordinary  patron- 
age which  he  has  thankfully  received  from  the  literary 
public,  has  made  it  not  only  the  Author's  interest  but  his  duty 
£2    and  a  pleasure  to  revise  and  amend  the  work.     To  ensure 
^    the  permanency  of  its  character  the  whole  has  been  stereo 
>•     typed,  so  that  purchasers  may  hereafter  expect  the  work 
S?    CMily  in  its  present  form.     The  writer  has  diligently  studied 
b«     to  render  this  science  simple   and  easy  of  acquirement,  and 
"-'    if  any  thing  will  add  to  his  satisfaction,  it  will  be  to  leam 
that  he  has  succeeded  in  exciting  an  interest  for  and  extend- 
5   ing  the  knowledge  of  a  science  of  such  exalted  utility.    In 
A    these  pages  will  be  found  all  that  is  necessary  to  make  an 
z    accomplished  stenographer  without  the  aid  of  an  instructor. 

As  the  purchaser  of  this  treatise  may  probably  be  l«d  to 
inquii^  what  are  the  advantages  which  the  Author  claims 
over  the  numerous  publications  that  have  preceded  it  on  the 
d  same  subject,  he  wLU  endeavor  to  point  out  in  as  brief  a 
p  manner  as  possible  some  of  the  difficulties  which  have  pre- 
sented themselves  to  those  who  have  acquired  or  attempted 
to  acquire  proficiency  in  this  pleasing  and  very  useful  ac- 
complishment, and  the  method  which  he  has  pursued  to 
avoid  them. 


IV  PREFACE. 

One  of  the  impediments  which  has  considerably  retarded 
the  progress  and  the  success  of  those  who  have  paid  atten- 
tion to  this  science,  has  been  the  want  of  a  sufficient  quan- 
tity of  exercises,  for  practice  in  writing,  as  well  as  from  not 
introducing  such  words  and  sentences  as  are  best  suited  to 
the  different  stages  of  advancement  which  they  must  neces- 
sarily go  through,  to  attain  proficiency  in  any  system. 

Another  objection  attributable  to  the  various  publications 
designed  for  self-instruction  is,  that  the  rules  and  directions, 
intended  as  a  guide  to  the  Learner,  are  very  seldom  express- 
ed in  terms  sufficiently  clear  to  be  comprehended,  except  by 
those  already  acquainted  with  the  Art.  In  removing  these 
objections,  the  Author  hopes  his  effisrts  have  not  been 
altogether  unsuccessful.  To  remedy  them  he  has  introduced 
a  complete  course  of  exercises,  as  practised  by  pupils  who 
put  themselves  under  his  instruction;  embracing  in  each 
from  fifty  to  two  himdred  examples  for  the  student's  practice, 
and  accompanied  by  such  explanations,  as  he  has  deemed 
necessary  to  render  the  whole  easy  to  be  understood. 

The  third  and  greatest  evil  which  has  been  so  imiversally 
adopted  in  all  former  systems  of  Stenography  with  which 
the  Author  has  become  acquainted  (about  fifty  in  number) 
is  that  of  representing  the  vowels  and  diphthongs,  by  the  use 
of  dots,  commas,  6fC. 

Mr.  Molineux,  in  his  system,  represents  all  the  vowels  by 
a  dot,  to  which  he  assigns  five  distinct  places ;  thus  ./^  when 
preceding  a  semicircle,  and  thus  ■;  |  when  preceding  a  line, 
as  in  '\at,'\et,-\it,.\ot,  }ut,  <^c.,  writing  the  word  moat 
thus  '7|  where  it  is  to  be  observed  that  the  dot  representing 
0  is  made  somewhat  larger  than  that  for  a,  to  show  in  deci- 
phering, that  it  must  be  read  first. 

Mr.  M.  T.  C.  Gould,  formerly  of  Philadelphia,  in  his  abridg- 
ment of  Taylor's  system,  also  represents  the  vowels  by  a 
single  point,  thereby  rendering  it  indispensably  necessary  in 
the  expression  of  some  words,  for  the  pen  to  be  taken  ofi"  the 
paper  nearly  as  many  times  as  the  number  of  letters  he  makes 


PREFACE.  X 

use  of  in  spelling  the  same,  as  may  be  observed  by  a  refer- 
ence to  the  above  work,  where  the  following,  and  many 
similar  examples  may  be  found  p,j  beold  for  behold;  'V 
evry  for  every. 

Mr,  Gurney  in  his  alphabet  has  appropriated  characters 
to  represent  the  vowels,  but  makes  use  of  them  only  when 
standing  alone,  or  when  joined  to  other  letters  at  the  begin- 
ning of  a  word:  indeed  their  forms  are  such  as  would  scarce- 
ly admit  of  their  being  introduced  in  any  other  situation. 
Mr.  G.  represents  the  vowels  when  in  the  middle  or  at  the 
end  of  a  word,  in  the  following  manner — "  There  are  six 
vowels,"  says  he,  "viz — c,  e,  t,  o,  u  and  y;  when  they  end 
words  they  are  expressed  by  dots  differently  placed  viz — a 
and  e  even  with  the  top  of  the  letter,  i  and  y  with  the  mid- 
dle, and  0  and  w  with  the  bottom;  as  for  example,  "]'  ba,  be, 
y,  bi,  by,  ^  bo,  bu.  When  the  vowel  does  not  end  the  word, 
it  is  expressed  by  the  succeeding  consonant,"  (i.  e.  by  draw- 
ing the  point  of  the  following  consonant  from  the  place  which 
the  vowel  would  have  occupied,  had  it  been  written  at  the 
end  of  a  word;)  "  thus/^  sal,  sel;  /^  sil,  syl ;  /^  sol,  suL 
When  two  vowels  come  together,  the  first  must  be  expressed 
by  a  dot,  the  other  by  the  succeeding  consonant,  thus,  <^. '. 
poet ;  i^*_  lion  ;  "j-  /  bias,  &c. 

Several  of  the  difficulties  which  frequently  arise  from  the 
practice  of  expressing  the  vowels  and  diphthongs  by  the  use 
of  points,  &c.,  are  thus  correctly  exposed  by  Mr.  Lewis,  in 
his  work  on  Stenography,  entitled  the  "  Ready  Writer,  or 
NE  PLUS  ITLTEA  of  Short  Hand." 

"  I  have  seen  a  few  modem  systems,  wherein  the  inter- 
mediate vowels  are  discarded,  and  a  single  point  only  re- 
tained to  express  the  whole  of  the  initial,  and  final  vowels : 
this  point  is  directed  to  be  placed  just  in  the  centre  of  the 
line,  leaving  it  to  the  sagacity  of  the  reader  to  find  out  which 
of  the  vowels  it  is  meant  to  represents  And  moreover,  the 
writer  is  directed  to  omit  all  vowels  in  expeditious  writing, 
and  leave  it  to  the  context  to  supply  these  defects.    It  is  evi- 


yi  PREFACE. 

dent,  however,  that  these  rules  must  tend  to  throw  the  grea^ 
est  obscurity  upon  the  writing,  and  render  it  impossible  to 
be  read  at  a  distance  of  time ;  for  by  this  mode  they  never 
can  show  where  there  is  a  diphthong  omitted,  nor  give  the 
letters  of  it,  which  are  sometimes  very  necessary :  no  tech- 
nical terms,  no  names  of  persons,  places  or  things  can  be 
written  in  it,  where  any  vowels  must  intervene,  to  give  the 
sense." 

"  The  only  reasons  I  can  conceive,  why  this  method  of 
pointing  for  the  vowels  has  been  so  universally  adopted,  are 
the  want  of  a  proper  investigation  of  the  simple  marks  which 
nature  affords,  or,  that  apparent  conciseness  has  hitherto 
been  taken  for  real  brevity.  Nevertheless,  it  is  obvious  that 
those  marks  which  seem  to  occupy  the  least  space,  are  not 
always  in  reality,  the  shortest,  or  the  most  conducive  to  ex- 
pedition. The  mode  of  expressing  the  Stenographic  vowels, 
therefore,  by  means  of  points,  is  not  only  an  enemy  to  legi- 
bility, but  is  also  calculated  to  destroy  the  purpose  of  expedi- 
tion.    This  will  appear  more  evident  when  we  consider — 

"  First.  That  if  the  pen  be  moved  to  the  right  or  to  the 
left,  from  a  dot  towards  a  stroke,  or  from  a  stroke  towards 
a  dot,  it  describes  a  line,  whether  that  line  be  visible  or  not ; 
thus  in  making  '  |  ,  the  pen  describes  the  character  ~\ ;  in 
writing  |  *  the  character  y  ;  in  forming  c^  the  mark  '^ ; 
in  making  \^  the  figure  n)4  ,  &c. 

"  Secondly.  That  as  the  motion  from  point  to  point  is 
less  rapid,  because  less  direct,  through  the  air  than  upon  the 
paper  itself,  there  is  as  much  time  lost  by  the  sudden  stop 
aad  taking  off  the  pen,  passing  over  the  detached  space,  and 
putting  it  down  again,  as  in  the  formation  of  two  (and  often 
times  of  three)  characters.  Thus  a  detached  particle  occu- 
pies as  much  time  in  writing,  as  if  the  word  were  written 
(by  characters)  at  full  length.  It  has  therefore  appeared  ab- 
solutely necessary  that  the  vowel  points,  so  predominant  in 
other  systems,  should  be  entirely  rejected,  and  another  kind 
of  substitute  provided  for  them." 


FSEFACE.  VU 

It  certainly  appears  very  singular,  that  Mr.  Lewis,  who 
after  so  clearly  pointing  out  the  defects  of  other  systems 
relative  to  the  method  of  expressing  the  vowels,  by  the  use 
of  dots  and  commas,  should  himself,  in  a  great  measure,  run 
into  the  very  same  error;  for  notwithstanding  these  remarks, 
Mr.  L.  makes  use  of  a  dot  for  the  first  two  vowels,  a  and  e, 
and  a  comma  for  the  fourth  and  fifth  vowels,  o  and  u  ;  thus 
adopting  the  very  plan,  which,  to  use  his  own  words,  should 
be  entirely  rejected. 

Again,  he  says,  "  by  this  arrangement,  all  those  difficulties 
and  dislocations  already  mentioned,  in  expressing  the  vowels 
in  order  to  convey  the  sound  of  the  word,  are  avoided;"  his 
practice,  however,  exhibits  a  complete  contradiction,  for  in 
his  specimen  of  the  Lord's  Prayer  he  places  the  vowels  e  and 
0,  near,  not  joined,  to  the  consonants. 

To  obviate  the  many  evils  attending  the  method  of  ex- 
pressing the  vowels  by  means  of  points,  the  Author  of  this 
treatise  Itas  provided  another  kind  of  substitute ;  viz.  several 
simple  characters,  which  easily  combine  with  any  other  let- 
ter, without  lifting  the  pen,  and  that  not  only  represent  the 
vowels  and  diphthongs,  but  are  also  capable  of  conveying  the 
exact  sound  which  those  vowels  and  diphthongs  express,  in 
the  pronunciation  of  any  word. 

The  Author,  having  stated  his  reasons  for  essentially  di^ 
fering  from  several  of  the  principles  adopted  in  former  sys- 
tems of  Stenography,  and  for  having  laid  before  the  public 
his  New  and  Improved  Method,  wishes  to  engage  the  atten- 
tion of  the  purchaser  to  some  of  the  great  advantages  result- 
ing from  the  practice  of  Short-Hand  writing,  which  are  thus 
eloquently  and  forcibly  expressed  by  Mr.  Gawtress,  (a  steno- 
grapher of  great  celebrity)  in  his  introduction  to  the  science, 
upon  the  principles  of  the  late  Dr.  Byrom. 

"  Thousands  who  look  upon  this  art  with  the  utmost  in- 
difference, are  daily  reaping  the  fruits  of  its  cultivation.  It 
is  scarcely  necessary  to  mention  how  indispensable  it  is  in 
taking  minutes  of  public  proceedings.    If  all  the  feelings  of 


Vm  PREFACE. 

a  patriot  glow  in  our  bosoms  on  a  perusal  of  those  eloquent 
speeches  which  are  delivered  in  the  Senate,  *  * 
*  *  we  owe  it  to  short-hand.  If  new  fervor  be  added  to 
our  devotion,  and  an  additional  stimulus  be  imparted  to  our 
exertions  as  Christians,  by  the  eloquent  appeals  and  encour- 
aging statements  made  at  the  aimiversaries  of  our  religious 
societies — we  owe  it  to  short-hand.  If  we  have  an  oppor- 
tunity, in  interesting  judicial  cases,  of  examining  the  evi- 
dence, and  learning  the  proceediags,  with  as  much  certainty 
and  nearly  as  much  minuteness,  as  if  we  had  been  present  on 
the  occasions — we  owe  it  to  short-hand.  In  short,  all  those 
brilliant  and  spirit-stirring  effusions  which  the  circumstances 
of  the  present  times  combine  to  draw  forth,  and  which  the 
press  transmits  to  us  with  such  astonisliing  celerity,  warm 
from  the  lips,  and  instinct  with  the  soul  of  the  speaker, 
would  have  been  entirely  lost  to  posterity,  and  comparative- 
ly little  known  to  ourselves,  had  it  not  been  for  the  facilities 
afforded  to  their  preservation  by  short-hand. 

"  Were  the  operations  of  those  who  are  professionally  en- 
gaged in  exercising  this  art,  to  be  suspended  but  for  a  single 
week,  a  blank  would  be  left  in  the  political  and  judicial  his- 
tory of  our  coimtry,  an  impulse  would  be  wanting  to  the  pub- 
lic mind,  and  the  nation  would  be  taught  to  feel  and  acknow- 
ledge the  important  purposes  it  answers  in  the  great  busi- 
ness of  life. 

"  A  practical  acquaintance  with  this  art  is  highly  favora- 
ble to  the  improvement  of  the  mind,  invigorating  all  its  fac- 
ulties, and  drawing  forth  all  its  resources.  The  close  atten- 
tion requisite  in  following  the  voice  of  a  speaker,  induces 
habits  of  patience,  perseverance,  and  watchfulness,  which 
will  gradually  extend  themselves  to  other  pursuits  and  avo- 
cations, and  at  length  inure  the  writer  to  exercise  them  on 
every  occasion  in  life.  When  writing  in  public,  it  will  also 
be  absolutely  necessary  to  distinguish  and  adhere  to  the  train 
of  thought  which  runs  through  the  discourse,  and  to  observe 
the  modes  of  its  connection.    This  will  naturally  have  a  ten- 


PREFACE.  IX 

dency  to  endue  the  mind  with  quickness  of  apprehension,  and 
will  impart  an  habitual  readiness  and  distinctness  of  percep- 
tion, as  well  as  a  methodical  simplicity  of  arrangement, 
which  cannot  fail  to  conduce  greatly  to  mental  superiority. 
The  judgment  will  be  strengthened  and  the  taste  refined ; 
and  the  practitioner  will  by  degrees  become  habituated  to 
seize  the  original  and  leading  parts  of  a  discourse  or  ha- 
rangue, and  to  reject  whatever  is  commonplace,  trivial,  or 
uninteresting." 

"  The  rapidity  with  which  it  enables  a  person  to  commit 
his  thoughts  to  the  safety  of  manuscript,  also  renders  it  an 
object  peculiarly  worthy  of  regard.  By  this  means  a  thot>" 
sand  ideas  which  daily  strike  us,  and  which  are  lost  before 
we  can  record  them  in  the  usual  way,  i  lay  be  snatched  from 
destruction,  and  preserved  till  mature  deliberation  can  ripen 
and  perfect  them." 

"  The  facility  it  affords  to  the  acquisition  of  learning  ought 
to  render  it  an  indispensable  branch  in  the  education  of 
youth.  To  be  enabled  to  treasure  up  for  future  study  the 
substance  of  lectures,  sermons,  &c.,  is  an  accomplishment 
attended  with  so  many  evident  advantages,  that  it  stands  in 
no  need  of  recommendation.  Nor  is  it  a  matter  of  small 
importance  that,  by  this  art,  the  youthful  student  is  furnish- 
ed with  an  easy  means  of  making  a  number  of  valuable  ex- 
tracts in  the  moments  of  leisure,  and  of  thus  laying  up  a 
stock  of  knowledge  for  his  future  occasions.  The  pursuit  of 
this  art  also  materially  contributes  to  improve  the  student  in 
the  principles  of  grammar  and  composition.  While  study- 
ing the  rules  of  abbreviation  and  connection  ;  while  tracing 
the  various  forms  of  expression  by  which  the  same  sentiment 
can  be  conveyed;  and  while  endeavoring  to  represent,  by 
modes  of  contraction,  the  dependence  of  one  word  on  another, 
he  is  insensibly  initiated  in  the  science  of  universal  language, 
and  particularly  in  the  knowledge  of  his  native  tongue." 

"  The  advantages  of  short-hand,  in  cases  where  secrecy  is 
required,  are  sufficiently  obvious.    It  is  true,  that  when  a 


X  PREFACE. 

system  is  made  public,  this  effect  is  partially  destroyed.  Yet 
it  seldoms  happens  that  stenographic  memoranda  fall  into 
the  hands  of  those  who  can  read  them ;  and  when  the  wri- 
ter has  any  reason  to  anticipate  such  an  occurrence,  it  will 
be  easy,  after  learning  a  good  system,  so  to  transpose  a  few 
of  the  Arbitraries,  as  to  render  the  writing  illegible  to  all 
but  himself. 

"  The  memory  is  also  improved  by  the  practice  of  steno- 
graphy. The  obligation  the  writer  is  under,  to  retain  in  his 
mind  the  last  sentence  of  the  speaker,  at  the  same  time  that 
he  is  carefully  attending  to  the  following  one,  must  be  high- 
ly beneficial  to  that  faculty,  which,  more  than  any  other, 
owes  its  improvement  to  exercise.  And  so  much  are  the 
powers  of  retention  strengthened  and  expanded  by  this  exer- 
tion, that  a  practical  stenographer  will  frequently  recollect 
more  without  writing,  than  a  person  unacquainted  with  the 
art,  could  copy  in  the  time,  by  the  use  of  common  hand." 

Mr.  Lewis,  speaking  of  this  subject,  remarks,  that  "  Of 
all  the  perfections  of  the  mind,  there  is  none  more  capable 
of  improvement  than  the  memory,  and  none  that  will  reward 
our  labors  with  more  pleasure  and  advantage.  How  often 
from  the  lips  of  some  admired  speaker  have  we  heard  the 
most  instructive  lectures  upon  those  very  branches  of  useful 
knowledge  with  which  we  were  most  anxious  to  become 
acquainted,  yet  without  obtaining  any  material  advantage 
from  the  important  information  disclosed,  and  through  the 
treachery  of  our  memory,  not  being  able  to  form  even  a  clear 
and  satisfactory  idea  of  the  subject;  when  by  means  of  Steno- 
graphy, not  only  the  thoughts  which  pass  in  our  own  minds 
receive  a  visible  form,  and  can  be  communicated  to  the  mind 
and  understanding  of  others  at  the  most  distant  period,  but 
likewise  we  are  enabled  to  catch  the  living  ideas  of  a  speaker 
in  the  very  words  by  which  they  are  conveyed  to  our  own 
ears ;  copy  from  the  lips  of  an  orator  all  his  studied  beauties 
of  language,  his  arrangement  of  elegant  expressions  and 
force  of  reasoning,  which  we  can  with  the  utmost  satisfac- 


PREFACE.  XI 

tion  re^new  at  pleasure.  There  are  many  Short-Hand  wri- 
ters and  parliamentary  reporters  of  the  present  period,  who, 
previous  to  the  exercise  of  this  art,  could  with  difficulty  re- 
member on  their  return  home,  the  heads  of  a  discourse ;  yet 
they  have  been  so  trained  to  habits  of  attention,  and  to  reg- 
ular systematic  methods  of  investigation,  and  their  memory 
has  been  so  wonderfully  improved  and  mechanically  strength- 
ened by  the  practice  of  the  Stenographic  art,  that  they  are 
now  enabled  to  collect  with  verbal  accuracy,  every  sentence 
of  a  long  oration." 

"  In  addition  to  these  inestimable  advantages,  Science  and 
Religion  are  indebted  to  this  noble  art,  for  the  preservation 
of  many  valuable  Lectures  and  Sermons,  which  would  other- 
wise have  been  irrecoverably  lost.  Among  the  latter  may 
be  instanced  those  of  Whitfield,  whose  astonishing  powers 
could  move  even  infidelity  itself,  and  extort  admiration  from 
a  Chesterfield  and  a  Hume ;  but  whose  name  alone  would 
have  floated  down  the  stream  of  time,  had  not  Short-Hand 
rescued  a  portion  of  his  labors  from  oblivion. 

"  With  so  many  vouchers  for  the  truth  of  the  remark,  we 
can  have  no  hesitation  in  stating  it  as  our  opinion,  that,  since 
the  invention  of  printing,  no  cause  has  contributed  more  to 
the  diffusion  and  progress  of  refinement,  we  might  almost 
add,  to  the  triumphs  of  liberty  and  the  interests  of  religion, 
than  the  revival  and  improvement  of  this  long-neglected  and 
invaluable  art." 

"  Such  are  the  blessings  which  short-hand,  like  a  generous 
benefactor,  bestows  indiscriminately  on  the  world  at  large. 
But  it  has  additional  and  peculiar  favors  in  store  for  those 
who  are  so  far  convinced  of  its  utility,  as  personally  to  engage 
in  its  pursuits.  The  advantages  resulting  from  the  exercise 
of  this  science,  are  not,  as  is  the  case  with  many  others,  con- 
fined to  a  particular  class  of  society :  for  though  it  may  seem 
more  immediately  calculated  for  those  whose  business  it  is 
to  record  the  eloquence  of  public  men,  and  the  proceedings 
of  popular  assemblies,  yet  it  offers  its  assistance  to  persons 


XU  PREFACE. 

of  every  rank  and  station  in  life-r-to  the  man  of  business  as 
well  as  to  the  man  of  science — for  the  purpose  of  private 
convenience  as  well  as  of  general  information." 

To  those  persons  who  may  be  desirous  of  forming  a  col- 
lection of  the  many  excellent  sermons  and  valuable  lectures 
that  they  may  hear  from  time  to  time,  the  Science  of  Ste- 
nography is  of  great  importance.  The  many  interesting 
Trials  and  Orations  that  have  been  reported  by  persons  ac- 
quainted with  this  Art,  and  that  have  been  fotmd  exceed- 
ingly beneficial,  both  for  private  edification  and  public  use- 
fiilness,  are  eminent  vouchers  of  its  great  utility  in  that 
respect ;  indeed,  were  the  community  fully  acquainted  with 
the  pre-eminent  advantages  of  this  acquirement,  they  would 
at  once  become  advocates  for  its  general  diifusion,  because 
it  confers  a  facility  of  despatch,  in  the  acquisition  of  human 
learning,  which  no  other  branch  of  knowledge  can  convey. 

The  utUity  and  importance  of  this  science  should  there- 
fore fully  commend  it  to  the  attention  of  every  instructor. 
For  if  it  be  true  that  the  impressions  of  early  life  are  more 
vivid  and  enduring  than  those  of  later  years,  then  if  this 
branch  of  knowledge  were  taught  to  the  youth  as  a  part  of 
education,  its  practice  would  "  grow  with  their  growth,** 
until  in  maturer  years  they  would  use  it  with  astonish- 
ing success.  The  author  would  hence  most  respectfully 
suggest  whether  the  introduction  of  this  study  into  our  com- 
mon schools  would  not  secure  the  most  important  ends. 
And  to  those  preparing  for  college  or  professional  duties  an 
early  attention  to  this  science  will  be  one  of  the  most  power- 
ful auxiliaries  to  complete  success. 

THOMAS  TOWNDROW. 
New  Yokk,  Aprii.;  1841. 


TESTIMONIALS. 


The  Author  begs  leave  to  present  the  following  Testimo- 
nials to  the  favorable  notice  of  an  enlightened  community. 

The  following  ENCOMnm  is  from  the  pen  of  Andrew  Hun- 
ter, A.  M.  LATE  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  has  practised 

THE  science  of  STENOGRAPHY  FOR  UPWARDS  OF  TWENTY 
YEARS,  AND  WHO  IS  THE  AUTHOR  OF  A  WORK  ON  THE  SAME 
SUBJECT. 

Manchester,  March  20th,  1837. 
Sir, 

I  have  had  much  pleasure  in  perusing  your  Complete 
Guide  to  the  Art  of  Short-Hand  Writing ;  it  is  neatly  and 
tastefully  executed ; — your  remarks  on  the  science,  are  the 
dictates  of  a  sound  mind,  resulting  from  much  experience  as 
a  Teacher  of  the  Art ; — the  method  and  order  which  you 
have  shown  in  the  arrangement  and  distribution  of  your  ma- 
terials, evinces  in  a  high  degree,  that  you  have  fully  under- 
stood your  subject.  The  characters  you  have  chosen  to  rep- 
resent the  intermediate  vowel  and  diphthongal  sounds,  arc 
admirably  easy  to  join  with  the  various  consonants  with 

which  they  may  chance  to  be  connected,  while  at  the  same 
9 


XIV  TESTIMONIALS. 

time  they  mark  with  such  precision  the  direct  sound  of  the 
words,  as  to  render  the  reading  of  Stenographic  manuscript 
both  easy  and  accurate. 

In  conclusion,  I  have  no  hesitation  in  giving  as  my  opin- 
ion, that  it  forms  the  most  complete  work  of  the  kind  ever 
presented  to  a  discerning  public. 

(With  hearty  wishes  for  your  future  success  and  prosper- 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  servant,) 

ANDREW  HUNTER,  A.  M. 


From  the  Manchester  Times. 

"  There  are  few  persons  of  intelligence  who  are  not  ready 
to  acknowledge  the  pleasures  and  advantages  to  be  derived 
from  the  practice  of  Short-Hand.  We,  who  may  lay  some 
claim  to  an  experimental  knowledge  of  the  science,  can  pro- 
nounce it  to  be  one  of  the  very  best  methods  of  imparting  an 
useful  versatility  to  the  mind,  and  of  inuring  it  to  quick  and 
correct  apprehension.  We  recollect  many  occasions  when 
in  the  exercise  of  our  duties  we  have  had  to  attend  in  the 
same  day,  and  in  rapid  succession,  to  matters  legal,  political, 
scientific,  divine,  and  an  immensity  of  others  too  miscella- 
neous to  be  classified.  These  we  have  in  various  ways  giv- 
en to  the  public  by  means  of  Short-Hand ;  and  can  any  one 
deny  that  exercise  of  this  kind  will  fail  to  induce  quickness 
of  perception,  and  the  power  to  turn  the  mind  to  sufficient 
objects  unconscious  of  an  effort  ? 

The  question  then  is,  which  Stenographic  system  is  the 


TESTOrONIALS.  XV 

best,  and  which  is  the  shortest  and  to  be  acquired  with  least 
trouble  ?  This  is  a  problem  we  really  cannot  undertake  to 
solve ;  there  is  no  royal  road  to  Short-Hand,  even  with  the 
most  perfect  system. — Byrom's  is  remarkable  for  beauty, 
legibility,  and  conciseness.  That  of  Mr.  Towndrow,  an  emi- 
nent teacher,  seems  both  legible,  concise,  and  easy  to  be  ac- 
quired ;  inasmuch  as  he  reduces  the  science  to  its  simplest 
elements,  and  then  proceeds  gradually.  Mr.  T.  has  an  ad- 
vantage over  every  other  system  we  have  yet  seen,  in  the 
precision  and  certainty  with  which  the  different  sounds  are 
noted ;  and  in  the  hands  of  a  good  writer  we  think  this  sys- 
tem may  be  rendered  as  beautiful  to  the  eye  as  any  we  are 
acquainted  with,  and  altogether,  as  Stenographers,  we  may 
safely  recommend  it  to  the  public." 


Manchester  Courier. 
We  have  examined  with  some  attention  the  system  of 
Stenography  invented  and  taught  by  Mr.  Towndrow,  and 
we  are  of  opinion  that  it  will  be  found  eminently  serviceable 
to  those  who  wish  to  study  the  Art.  In  some  points  it  is 
superior  to  any  system  that  we  have  seen. 

Sheffield  Iris. 
We  have  given  the  system  of  Stenography  invented  and 
recently  introduced  into  this  country  by  Mr.  Towndrow,  an 
attentive  examination,  and  we  feel  fully  convinced  of  the 
many  improvements  he  has  made  on  all  former  systems 
which  have  come  imder  our  notice.    Mr.  Towndrow,  in  his 


XVI  TESTIMONIALS. 

present  method,  has  appropriated  a  distinct  character  to  rep- 
resent each  elementary  sound  of  the  English  language,  by 
the  use  of  which,  any  word,  no  matter  what  number  of  vowel 
or  diphthongal  sounds  it  may  contain,  can  be  clearly  express- 
ed in  Short- Hand,  without  having  occasion  to  raise  the  pen 
from  the  paper,  which  could  not  be  done  in  the  generality  of 
systems  without  lifting  the  pen  several  times  in  order  to  sup- 
ply a  number  of  dots  representing  the  vowels,  which  is  well 
known  to  form  one  of  the  greatest  impediments  to  quick 
writing,  while  upon  others  we  have  some  knowledge  of,  it 
would  be  impossible  to  convey  the  same  words  to  paper  so 
as  to  be  recognized  at  a  future  period. 


Derbyshire  Conner. 
A  neat  little  volume,  professing  to  be  a  complete  guide  to 
the  Art  of  writing  Short-Hand,  or  an  entirely  new  and  com- 
prehensive system  of  representing  the  elementary  sounds  of 
the  English  language  in  Stenographic  characters,  has  been 
published  by  Mr.  Towndrow,  Professor  and  Teacher  of  the 
Art.  The  principal  feature  of  this  treatise  is  its  originality 
in  giving  distinct  characters  to  express  the  various  tones  of 
our  native  tongue,  and  from  the  high  degree  of  conciseness 
with  which  this  object  is  accomplished,  and  its  perfect  and 
easy  amalgamation  with  the  other  parts  of  the  system ;  the 
operation  of  writing  is  advantageously  condensed,  and  an  in- 
creased facility  afforded  of  committing  to  paper  the  eloquence 
of  the  orator.  The  system  is  exceedingly  simplified  in  its 
details,  capable  of  being  acquired  with  comparatively  little 
application,  and  in  practice  will,  we  believe,  be  found  to 


TESTIMONIALS. 


work  well.    It  is  decidedly  superior  to  all  systems  of  Steno- 
graphy with  which  we  are  at  present  acquainted. 


Boston  American  Traveller. 
We  welcome  the  return  to  this  country  of  Mr.  Towndrow, 
the  accomplished  Professor  of  Stenography,  and  author  of  a 
celebrated  Guide  to  the  Art  of  Short-Hand  Writing.  A  new 
edition  of  his  treatise  was  lately  published  in  England,  and 
a  portion  of  it  has  been  received  here.  The  improvements 
he  has  made  in  the  system,  are  well  worthy  the  attention 
of  the  student,  and  give  the  stamp  of  pre-eminence  to  his 
work. 


Zion^s  Herald. 

A  fine  opportunity  is  now  presented  to  young  persons  in 
this  city,  by  the  return  of  Mr.  Towndrow  from  England,  to 
acquire  the  useful  accomplishment  of  Short-Hand  Writing. 
We  became  acquainted  with  this  gentleman  upon  his  first 
visit  to  this  country,  and  from  the  success  which  attended 
his  instructions  then  given,  we  have  the  utmost  confidence 
in  his  ability  to  teach  stenography,  and  the  superior  advan- 
tages of  his  improved  system.  This  system  enables  the  re- 
porter, not  only  to  record  the  exact  words,  as  delivered  by 
any  public  speaker,  but  also  every  peculiar  expression  made 
use  of  by  him,  as  pronounced,  and  to  preserve  all  in  a  legible 
form,  so  as  to  be  read  at  any  future  period,  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  facility. 

2* 


IVm  TESTDIONIALS. 

Boston  Morning  Post. 
Mr.  Towndrow's  system  of  Stenography,  is  the  most  per- 
fect one  ever  invented,  and  he  is  one  of  the  most  agreeable 
and  gentlemanly  instructors  that  ever  taught  abbreviations. 


Boston  Daily  Evening  Transcript. 
Mr.  Towndrow  is  the  most  ready  Stenographer,  and  the 
best  instructor  of  the  art  in  the  United  States, 


Boston  Mercantile  Journal. 
T.  Towndrow,  who  is  well  known  for  his  success  m  teach- 
ing the  art  of  writing  short-hand,  has  just  put  forth  the  sec- 
ond edition  of  a  book  entitled,  "A  complete  Guide  to  the 
Art  of  Short-Hand  Writing,  being  an  entirely  new  and  com- 
prehensive system  of  representing  the  elementary  sounds  of 
the  English  language  in  stenographic  characters."  Mr.  Town- 
drow's system  has  met  with  approbation  of  persons  versed 
in  the  art,  and  is  probably  the  most  perfect  mode  of  short- 
hand writing  extant.  To  those  who  wish  to  become  an 
adept  in  this  valuable  accomplishment,  we  recommend  Mr. 
Towndrow's  book — this,  with  a  due  share  of  patience  and 
perseverance,  will  soon  qualify  one  to  exercise  this  acconv 
plishment  with  great  facility. 

Boston  Atlas. 

Mr.  Towndrow,  professor  and  teacher  of  stenography,  has 
just  introduced  to  the  notice  of  the  American  public,  a  new 


TESTIMONIALS.  XIX 

system  of  writing  short-hand.  "We  know  something  of  the 
art,  and  having  attentively  examined  Mr.  T.'s  method,  can 
say  that  it  possesses  many  advantages  over  any  other  we 
have  seen.  It  is  simple,  neat  and  beautiful,  giving  the  ex- 
act sound  of  all  the  vowels  and  diphthongs  in  the  language, 
without  obliging  the  writer  to  lift  his  pen,  even  when  taking 
down  the  longest  word.  Mr.  T.,  we  are  glad  to  leam,  is 
well  encouraged. 


Boston  Morning  News. 
We  do  not  know  how  it  is  with  other  folks ;  but  for  our- 
self  there  is  no  greater  satisfaction  to  be  found  in  the  whole 
range  of  literary  pleasures,  than  to  be  able  to  take  down  a 
speech  as  it  falls  warm  from  the  lips  of  an  extemporaneous 
speaker.  It  is  then  that  the  peculiarities  of  the  individual 
slip  out  unperceived  by  the  orator  himself,  and  are  probably 
forgotten  by  the  majority  of  his  audience.  The  science  of 
stenography  obviates  the  latter  misfortune.  It  gives  us  the 
portrait  of  the  speaker's  mind  exactly  as  it  is — the  glowing 
thought,  the  impassioned  apostrophe,  the  sudden  transitions 
are  caught  and  faithfully  represented  by  this  divine  science, 
before  they  have  had  time  to  cool  and  degenerate  into  com- 
moa  place  diction  beneath  the  hand  of  the  exhausted  orator 
who  prepares  his  speech  for  the  press.  Stenography  has 
power  to  represent  the  speaker's  mind  just  as  it  looked  while 
he  was  delivering  his  discourse — it  lets  us  into  his  heart  by 
a  direct  road.  We  regret  that  our  limits  will  not  permit  us 
to  do  full  justice  to  this  very  interesting  subject,  but  we  know 
of  one  who  is  able  to  achieve  what  we  are  incompetent  to 


XX  TESTIMOKIALS. 

do.  We  allude  to  Mr.  Towndrow,  who  has  given  us  such 
information  with  respect  to  his  present  system,  as  renders  it 
mathematically  certain  to  our  mind,  that  it  is  superior  to 
any  other  known.  The  elementary  sounds  are  represented 
by  the  simplest  signs — an  improvement  never  before  attempt- 
ed— and  a  number  of  words  may  be  connected  with  the 
greatest  facility ;  and  the  whole  read  with  ease.  This  last 
crowns  the  whole,  as  every  stenographer  must  be  aware. 
For  further  information  we  refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  Town- 
drow himself,  whose  patience  in  explaining  his  system,  and 
whose  urbanity  and  pleasing  manners,  render  him  one  of  the 
most  agreeable  as  well  as  able  teachers  we  have  ever  seen. 


United  States  Gazette. 

We  have  had  an  interview  with  Mr.  Towndrow,  the  au- 
thor of  a  small  book  entitled  "  A  Complete  Guide  to  the  Art 
of  Writing  Short-Hand,  being  an  entirely  new  and  compre- 
hensive System  of  Representing  the  Elementarj'  Sounds  of 
the  English  Language  in  Stenographic  Characters." 

Of  this  work,  we  may  say  as  of  most  other  treatises  on 
Stenography,  that  it  aims  to  advance  a  much  neglected  art ; 
but,  in  our  opinion,  Mr.  Towndrow  has  accomplished  a  real 
and  valuable  object  in  the  introduction  of  all  the  vowel  and 
diphthongal  sounds,  without  the  multiplication  of  characters, 
and  in  such  a  manner  that  those  who  are  acquainted  with 
the  system  may  at  any  time  read  the  stenography  of  others. 

We  wish  that  the  trustees  of  our  colleges  and  high  schools 
would  introduce  stenography  among  the  regular  pursuits  of 


TESTIMONIALS. 


the  classes,  and  have  it  so  cultivated  that  each  pupil  should 
be  able  to  read  the  writing  of  the  other. 


Baltimore  Daily  Gazette. 

We  have  lately  had  an  interview  with  an  eminent  teacher 
of  Stenography  now  in  this  city,  Mr.  Towndrow,  of  whose 
merits  we  have  seen  the  most  flattering  testimonials  in  the 
Boston  papers,  some  time  before  his  arrival  among  us.  From 
a  long  conversation  with  Mr.  T.,  and  an  attentive  examina- 
tion of  several  works  on  the  art  of  Stenography,  which  he 
has  published,  we  feel  fully  justified  in  recommending  him 
to  the  favorable  notice  of  the  public.  His  system  is  undoubt- 
edly a  very  great  improvement  upon  all  which  have  pre- 
ceded it,  and  has  been  the  result  of  a  long  and  assiduous 
practice  of  his  profession. 

In  a  country  like  ours,  where  legislative  bodies  are  so  nu- 
merous, and  where  conventions  and  public  meetings  are 
held,  and  addresses  delivered  on  all  occasions,  it  would  seem 
almost  imnecessaryto  dwell  on  the  advantages  of  a  know- 
ledge of  Stenography — but  the  art  has  certainly  been,  hith- 
erto, but  little  cultivated.  We  can  imagine  no  other  cause 
for  this  neglect,  than  the  tediousness  and  insuflficiency  of  the 
old  systems  of  Short-Hand,  a  theoretical  knowledge  of  which, 
however  accurate,  led  to  no  advantages  in  practice  corres-* 
ponding  to  the  labor  of  acquiring  it. 

We  are  informed  that  some  of  the  most  distinguished  re- 
porters of  speeches  in  our  country,  owe  their  proficiency,  like 
Mr.  Towndrow,  to  the  expedients  which  their  own  experi- 
ence has  suggested  to  them,  independent  of  the  knowledge 


XXU  TESTDIONIALS, 

to  be  obtained  iu  any  treatise  heretofore  published.  But  we 
think  that  httle  more  than  a  glance  at  the  system  of  Mr. 
T.  will  be  sufficient  to  convince  any  one  that  he  can  accom- 
plish all  that  he  promises.  We  have  no  doubt  that  his  mode 
of  teaching  will  speedily  be  adopted  in  schools,  and  Steno- 
graphy made  a  branch  of  common  education. 


From  a  Class  in  Fall  River. 

Fall  River,  Mass.,  Mat  29th,  1840. 
I\Ir.  Towndrow, 

Dear  Sir, — The  undersigned,  members  of  your  Stenogra- 
phic Class,  upon  the  completion  of  their  studies,  tender  to 
you  their  sincere  thanks  for  the  promptness,  attention  and 
assiduity  with  which  you  have  performed  your  duties  as  our 
Instructor.  The  common  difficulties  which  accompany  all 
attempts  to  instruct  pupils  in  any  thing  of  which  they  are 
entirely  ignorant,  was  in  our  case  attended  with  another,  the 
total  ignorance  of  each  other  by  teacher  and  pupils.  But 
from  your  affability  to  us,  we  forgot  that  our  acquaintance 
was  of  short  duration,  and  this  feeling  no  doubt,  contributed 
to  assist  us  in  our  studies  very  materially. 

We  are  going  to  part  from  each  other,  we  may  never  meet 
you  again,  collectively  or  individually,  but  our  good  wishes 
go  with  you.  And  whether  such  pleasure  be  in  store  for  us 
or  not,  we  hope  that  each  of  us,  tutor  and  pupil,  may  so  in- 
cline to  the  path  of  virtue,  that  we  may  meet,  if  not  here, 
in  that  world  to  which  that  path  eternally  leads. 
We  are  dear  sir,  Yours,  very  respectfully, 

Signed  by  12  Students. 


TESTIMONIALS.  XXIU 

From  a  Class  in  Bowdoin  College. 
We  the  subscribers,  members  of  Bowdoin  College,  wish 
hereby  to  express  to  Mr.  Towndrow,  the  entire  satisfaction 
we  feel  in  regard  to  the  system  of  Short-Hand  Writing  which 
he  has  been  teaching  us;  and  that  we  may  remove,  as  far 
as  is  in  our  power,  the  prejudice  which  exists  in  so  many 
minds  against  this  valuable  accomplishment,  we  are  free  to 
say,  that  after  having  received  a  full  course  of  lessons,  we 
feel  satisfied  that  this  system  is  not  only  easy  and  practica- 
ble, but  that  it  is  more  so  than  any  other  within  our  know- 
ledge ;  and  we  hope,  that  during  his  stay  in  this  country, 
Mr.  T.  will  receive  the  extensive  patronage  which  he  merits. 

Signed  by  30  Students. 

From  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Beecher. 
I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  the  system  of  Stenography 
taught  by  Mr.  Towndrow,  to  which  I  have  been  attending 
for  some  time,  is  in  my  view,  the  most  perfect  system  of 
Short-Hand  Writing  I  have  ever  examined,  uniting  in  a 
higher  degree,  conciseness,  comprehension,  neatness,  and 
despatch,  with  ease  of  acquisition.  It  is  my  conviction,  that 
the  present  rapid  increase  in  knowledge  of  arts  and  sciences, 
demands  an  increase  also  in  facility  of  expressing  and  com- 
municating thought;  and  that  before  long,  this  art  will  be- 
come extensively  practised,  and  highly  beneficial  to  the  cler- 
gy, the  lawyer,  the  physician,  student,  mechanic  and  mer- 
chant ;  the  process  of  acquisition  being  more  an  amusement 
than  a  labor. 

W.  H.  BEECHER. 


XXlV 

OPINIONS  OF  EMINENT  MEN  ON  THE  UTILITY 

OF  SHORT-HAND. 
"  I  should  exhort  all  young  men  to  learn  that  most  useful 
art,  Short-Hand  Writing,  an  art  which  I  believe  will  one 
day  be  studied  as  universally  as  common  writing,  and  which 
will  abridge  the  labor  of  penmanship  to  a  degree  that  will 
materially  quicken  the  intercourse  of  human  thought." 

T.  CAMPBELL,  Esq. 
Late  Lord  Rector  of  Glasgow  University. 


"As  it  is  usual  to  take  notes,  the  attainment  of  Short- 
Hand  will  give  such  a  facility  to  your  labors,  as  to  enable 
you  to  follow  the  most  rapid  speakers  with  certainty  and  prt^ 
cision." 

Letter  from  the  late  Me.  Dunning,  to  a  Student  in  the 
Temple. 


"  The  Art  of  Short-Hand,  on  account  of  its  great  and  gen- 
eral utility,  merits  a  much  higher  rank  among  the  arts,  than 
is  commonly  allotted  to  it ;  and  is  by  no  means  unworthy 
the  attention  and  study  of  men  of  science  and  genius." — Dr. 
Johnson. 


The  Rt.  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Morton,  President  of  the  Royal 
Society ;  the  Lord  Chancellor  Pratt ;  His  Grace  the  Duke  of 
Queensburg;  and  Dr.  John  Taylor,  Chancellor  of  Lincoln, 
after  receiving  instructions  from  Dr.  Byrom,  observe:  "were 
the  public  so  far  acquainted  with  the  usefulness  of  this  Art, 
that  it  should  be  commonly  received  in  their  intercourse  with 
each  other,  taught  early  to  youth,  and  practised  by  them 
when  they  became  to  be  men  of  letters  and  business,  the 
despatch  arising  from  it,  and  every  other  advantage,  would 
increase  in  proporticm  to  its  more  general  reception." 


TO   THE   LEARNER. 

Before  entering  upon  the  exercises  of 
this  interesting  study,  the  Author  wishes 
the  Student  to  peruse  the  following  lines  on 
''Application,"  from  the  pen  of  the  late 
Rev.  Samuel  Davenport,  of  Horsley,  Derby- 
shire, England. 

"It  is  incredible  how  much  may  be  done 
by  diligence  and  assiduity.  The  present 
state  of  the  world,  enlightened  by  arts  and 
sciences,  is  a  living  proof,  that  dijtficulties, 
seemingly  insuperable,  and  undertakings  im- 
agined to  be  impossible,  may  be  accomplish- 
ed. This  consideration  ought  to  be  no  mean 
spur  to  industry  and  application.  We  are 
not  acquainted  with  the  strength  of  our  own 
minds,  till  we  exercise  them,  nor  to  what 
length  our  abilities  will  carry  us,  till  we  put 
them  to  the  trial.  Men  who  want  resolu- 
tion, often  desist  from  enterprises,  when 
they  have  more  than  half  effected  their  pur- 
pose : — They  are  discouraged  by  difficulties 


26  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

and  disappointments,  which  ought  rather  to 
excite  their  ardor,  and  redouble  the  vigor 
of  their  efforts  to  succeed.  Let  any  one  con- 
sider with  attention  the  structure  of  a  com- 
mon engine  to  raise  water.  Let  him  ob- 
serve the  intricacy  of  the  machinery,  and 
behold  in  what  vast  quantities  one  of  the 
heaviest  elements  is  forced  out  of  its  course ; 
and  then  reflect  how  many  experiments 
must  have  been  tried  in  vain,  how  many  ob- 
stacles must  have  been  overcome,  before  a 
frame  of  such  wonderful  variety  in  its  parts, 
could  have  been  put  together;  after  which, 
let  him  pursue  his  own  enterprises,  not  with- 
out hopes  of  success  in  the  end,  while  he 
supports  the  spirit  of  industry  by  consider- 
ing how  much  may  be  done  by  patience  and 
ingenuity." 


INTRODUCTION. 

Note, — As  the  perusal  of  a  particular  remark  may  fre- 
queatly  simplify  the  mode  of  expressing  certaiu  words,  it  has 
been  deemed  expedient  to  number  each  rule,  observation,  &c., 
in  regular  order,  without  any  regard  to  classification,  so  that 
reference  may  most  conveniently  be  made  to  the  same. 

MATERIALS   FOR   WRITING. 

1.  The  learner  is  recommended  to  make 
use  of  a  good  pencil  on  all  occasions,  when 
it  is  necessary  to  write  with  expedition. 
When  he  is  sufficiently  advanced  in  the  art 
to  take  notes  in  public,  he  ought  to  be  provi- 
ded with  a  pencil-case  adapted  to  very  fine 
points,  or  a  number  of  good  drawing  pencils, 
(which  should  be  kept  in  a  suitable  case,) 
with  the  points  at  all  times  ready  for  use. 
Whenever  it  shall  be  desirable  to  preserve 
short-hand  manuscript  for  subsequent  and 
probably  frequent  perusals,  it  will  be  prefer- 
able to  write  with  a  pen. 

CHOICE  OF  PENCILS. 

2.  In  the  selection  of  pencils,  good  ones 


23  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

may  be  considered  the  cheapest.  The  draw- 
ing pencils  and  ever-points,  manufactured  by 
Mr.  Monroe,  of  Concord,  Massachusetts,  are 
recommended  as  being  of  an  excellent  quali- 
ty. Those  marked  H.  H.,  will  be  found  most 
suitable  for  short-hand  writing. 

CHOICE  OF  PENS. 

3.  An  elastic  steel  pen  with  a  fine  point, 
will  be  found  to  possess  decided  advantages 
over  those  made  from  the  common  quill. 
As  the  manufacturers  of  this  article  are  con- 
stantly bringing  forward  something  neio,  the 
writer  will  of  course  make  his  own  selec- 
tion. 

CHOICE  OF  PAPER. 

4.  Except  when  writing  with  a  pen,  pa- 
per having  a  very  smooth  surface  ought  to 
be  selected,  so  that  the  pencil  may  be  moved 
with  perfect  freedom,  at  the  same  time  form 
the  characters  with  neatness  and  perspicu- 
ity. In  the  use  of  rough  paper,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  retain  a  fine  point  to  any  pencil, 
consequently  the  strokes  are  made  very 
large  and  thick,  which  not  only  impedes  the 
process  of  expeditious  writing,  but  leads  to 
a  habit  of  forming  the  characters  with  care- 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  29 

lessness,  and  naturally  destroys  the  legibili- 
ty of  the  manuscript. 

DIRECTIONS  FOR  HOLDING  PEN  OR  PENCIL. 

5.  Let  the  long  finger  be  placed  about  half 
or  three  quarters  of  an  inch  from  the  point 
of  the  pen  or  pencil,  and  the  end  of  the 
thumb  opposite  that  of  the  fore-finger — thus 
holding  it  much  more  erect  than  is  usual  in 
common  writing,  so  that  it  may  be  moved 
in  any  direction  with  ease  and  facility. 

DIRECTIONS  FOR  LEARNING  THE  CONSONANTS,  &C. 

6.  In  the  first  place,  it  is  necessary  for  the 
learner  to  become  perfectly  familiar  with 
characters  by  which  the  consonants  are  re- 
spectively represented. 

7.  The  most  easy  and  expeditious  mode 
of  accomplishing  this,  is  by  writing  the  cha- 
racters very  frequently,  in  the  same  order 
as  exhibited  in  the  first,  second  and  third 
exercises;*  imitating  them  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible, in  size,  form  and  position^  and  at  the 


*  With  a  view  to  facilitate  the  progress,  as  well  as  for  the  conve- 
nience of  those  who  may  engage  in  the  study  of  this  treatise,  the  Au- 
thor has  prepared  and  published  in  connection  with  the  same,  a  small 
v/ork,  entitled  "The  Stenogbaphical  Copy-Book;"  the  pages  of 
which  are  ruled  with  suitable  spaces,  and  numbered  to  correspond 
with  the  numerous  exercises  introduced  in  the  "  Guide,"  and  intended 
for  the  learner's  practice. 

3* 


30  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

same  time  impressing  upon  the  memory  the 
name  of  each,  by  repeating  the  letter  which 
it  is  intended  to  express. 

8.  In  the  first  exercise,  the  characters  are 
arranged  nearly  in  alphabetical  order;  while 
in  the  second,  they  are  classified  agreeable 
to  their  relative  similarity  of  form,  posi- 
tion, &c. 

9.  C  is  rejected  in  short-hand,  and  substi- 
tuted by  k  or  s,  according  to  its  hard  or  soft 
sound.     (See  exposition  of  c.  No.  28.) 

10.  F^  h,  k,  V,  to,  X  and  sA,  are  each  repre- 
sented by  two  distinct  characters,  that  they 
may  be  more  easily  combined  with  other 
letters  than  they  would  be  if  confined  to 
one. 

11.  Always  commence  with  the  curve,  in 
forming  g,  j,  q,  r,  x,  y,  z,  ch  and  ich. 

12.  The  double  consonants  ch,  sA,  th  and 
2ch,  being  of  such  frequent  occurrence,  dis- 
tinct characters  have  been  appropriated  to 
represent  them. 

13.  The  learner  desiring  further  informa- 
tion respecting  any  of  the  letters,  will  pro- 
bably obtain  it  by  referring  to  an  exposition 
of  the  same,  on  a  subsequent  page  of  this 
work. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHT.  31 

14.  The  student  must  not  be  too  anxious 
to  write  expeditiously  at  first,  or  he  will  be 
sure  to  make  "more  haste  than  good  speed." 
Let  his  first  aim  be  to  execute  the  charac- 
ters with  neatness  and  accuracy,  and  expe- 
dition cannot  fail  to  ensue :  as  Mr.  Molineux 
correctly  observes — 

"  Learn  to  write  slow,  all  other  graces, 
Will  soon  fill  up  their  proper  places." 


32 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE 


B 

D 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

/ 

c 

' 

H 

r\ 
r\ 
r\ 
r\ 
r\ 

r\ 

r\ 


H 

\^ 

\^ 
\^ 

\y 

^^ 
\y 


r>o' 


N 

\^ 
^^ 

«^ 

^^ 

\^ 
\^ 

F 

\ 
\ 
\ 
N 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 

Q 

\ 
\ 
\ 

SCIENCE  OF  STENOGHAPHT. 


33 


FIRST. 


C 

c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 


w    w 


C\ 


^ 


op 


/ 
/ 


\. 


/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 


34 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE 


/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 


SH 

\ 


\ 


/ 


/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 


\ 


X 

■x 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPirT. 


35 


SECOND. 

CH 

R 

B 

L 

M 

N 

H 

H 

F 

F 

K 

K 

w 

w 

V 

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J 

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c 

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5 

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c\ 

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e^ 

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c 

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5 

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ej 

o 

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c 

D 

</ 

(^ 

c 

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r\ 

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r> 

Ky 

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5 

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e; 

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c 

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t/ 

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dj 

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36 


A  COMPL-ETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


1                            EXERCISE 

bis 

c 

) 

1 

mlt 

o 

3 

— 

tkl 

— 

e\ 

DJ 

bnd 

c 

KJ 

/ 

mnk 

(O 

o 

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tng 

— 

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bst 

c 

1 

— 

mrl 

r> 

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t  rn 

— 

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dmp 

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r\ 

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mtr 

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— 

</ 

tsl 

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SCIENCE  OF  STENOGEAPHT. 


37 


THIRD. 

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c 

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c 

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.••..^ 


38 


A  COMPLETE  GTJIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  FOURTH. 

b  n  k 

pbl 

ch  k  n 

b  inpr 

pint 

brl 

p  k  r 

chid 

bn  dr 

p  n  t  s 

bsk 

p  r  s 

ch  m  p 

b  rst 

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q  kr 

ch  ng 

d  n  g  r 

ql  t  d 

d  n  s 

q  ns 

ch  p  1 

d  r  n  k 

qndm 

d  V  n 

q  r  t 

ch  r  rn 

d  s  p  r 

q  s  t  n 

fg  r 

rfl 

ch  s  t 

fltr 

r  m  p  1 

fkl 

rn  g 

ch  tn 

f  n  t  m 

rn  d  m 

fit 

r  s  k 

sh  f  t 

frst 

r  vl  s 

gmp 

sf  t 

shkl 

gntl 

sr  gl 

grt 

s  pk 

shlf 

gr  sp 

s  p  r  t 

g  vn 

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shn  k 

g  V  r  n 

s  t  m  p 

lift 

t  r  111 

sh  p  r 

h  ra  p  r 

t  m  p  1 

h  p  n 

t  vvl 

shrk 

h  n  g  s 

t  n  dr 

h  r  m 

tx  s 

sh  1 1 

h  r  m  t 

trgt 

jgl 

vgl 

sh  V  r 

j  m  bl 

vk  t  m 

Jlt 

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thkn 

j  r  n  1 

vrrn  n 

j  m  b 

V  rg 

th  m  b 

j  spr 

V  s  p  r 

kid 

wdl 

th  mp 

k  p  t  V 

wng  s 

knl 

vv  g  n 

thng 

k  r  m  p 

w  r  d  s 

k  tn 

w  r  d 

thnk 

k  s  t  m 

w  s  d  m 

Ind 

X  m  t 

thrl 

1  ft  r 

X  1  n  t 

Irk 

X  p  r 

th  r  n 

1  n  g  s 

X  p  1  n 

1  St 

X  q  s 

whfl 

1  s  t  n 

X  tn  d 

mn  d 

yld 

wh  1  p 

m  n  t  1 

yips 

m  r  1 

y  r  n 

vvh  n  s 

in  r  k  t 

y  ngr 

m  tn 

y  Ik 

wh  p  r 

m  s  t  k 

y  r  d  s 

ngr 

z  1  s 

vvh  r  f 

n  m  b  r 

z  n  t  k 

nkl 

z  m  n 

wh  s  k 

n  s  r  t . 

z  r  1  d 

SCIENCE  OF  STENOGKAPHT.  39 

DIRECTIONS  FOR  JOINING  THE  CONSONANTS. 

15.  When  the  learner  has  become  so  far 
acquainted  with  the  Stenographic  characters 
introduced  in  the  preceding  exercises,  as  to 
write  them  with  ease  and  expedition,  he  may 
learn  the  method  of  joining  them  together, 
in  the  neatest  possible  manner. 

16.  In  joining  Short-hand  characters  to- 
gether, the  first  letter  is  generally  made,  as 
if  no  other  was  to  be  written,  and  the  next 
(without  lifting  the  pen)  from  the  last  point 
of  the  first,  as  if  it  had  not  been  there ;  for 
Instance,  in  order  to  join  the  letters,  6,  s,  t, 
together,  first  make  the  semicircle  for  6,  c  , 
then,  w  ithout  taking  off  the  pen,  draw  down 
the  s  from  the  last  point  of  the  6,  thus  ^  , 
6s,  to  which  add  the  short  horizontal  line 
for  ^,  thus,  ([_  bst ;  and  so  on  in  like  manner 
with  nearly  all  the  rest. 

17.  All  unnecessary  curves  and  angles^' 
must  be  avoided ;  one  letter  being  made  to 
run  into  another  as  much  as  possible ;  for  in- 
stance where  two  reverse  semicircles  occur 
together,  neither  of  them  need  to  be  made 
complete,  but  a  small  portion  must  be  cut 
off  each,  as  in  the  following  examples;  ^-^ 
m7ij  \.^  nm,  ^bls,  "v  knd,&c.    In  the  same 


40  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

manner,  all  letters  lose  a  portion  when  pre- 
ceding any  character  which  commences  with 
a  loop ;  as  for  example,  7nk  is  not  to  be  writ- 
ten thus,  '-x^  but  oo  ;  tk  not  -^,  but  -^; 
by  which  means,  a  great  saving  of  time  is 
•  fleeted,  and  a  general  uniformity  is  preserv- 
ed in  the  writing. 

18.  Let  all  the  characters  that  are  used 
in  expressing  a  word,  be  joined  together 
without  raising  the  pen,  except  when  d/p^ 
a  or  ?,  occurs  twice  in  immediate  succession. 
(See  exposition  of  those  letters,  Nos.  30,  58, 
70  and  75.) 

19.  Before  the  learner  begins  to  exercise 
himself  in  combining  the  characters,  he  is 
directed  to  peruse  with  attention,  the  follow- 
ing remarks  on  spelling,  and  the  "Exposi- 
tion of  the  Consonants  f  with  which,  a  fa- 
miliar acquaintance  is  of  the  utmost  import- 
'ance. 

MODE    OF    SPELLING. 

20.  In  writing  short-hand,  no  particular 
regard  need  be  paid  to  the  usual  method  of 
spelling.  Use  such  characters  07ily  in  wri- 
ting a  word,  as  may  be  indispensably  neces- 
sary to  give  the  sound  thereof;  all  silent 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  41 

letters  will  then  be  omitted,  and  one  letter 
trequently  substituted  for  another. 

21.  As  examples  in  spelling  will  doubt- 
less do  more  to  initiate  the  learner  into  the 
method  he  must  necessarily  pursue  in  the 
practice  of  Stenography,  than  numerous 
rules  and  exceptions,  upwards  of  one  thou- 
sand have  been  selected,  and  arranged  in 
the  subsequent  Exercises,  embracing  the  va- 
rious combinations  of  letters,  to  which  are 
annexed  all  the  words  they  respectively  ex- 
press. 

22.  The  following  extract  of  a  letter  from 
Major  Jack  Downing,  to  his  old  friend  Mr. 
D  wight,  of  the  New  York  Advertiser,  not- 
withstanding the  singularity  of  the  produc- 
tion, furnishes  (in  the  word  Asia,)  an  admi- 
rable specimen  of  the  liberty  which  steno- 
graphers take  with  the  orthography  of  our 
language. 

23.  "I  only  wish  I  had  gone  to  school  a 
leetle  more  when  I  was  a  boy— if  I  had,  my 
letters  now  would  make  folks  crawl  all  over: 
but  if  I  had  been  to  school  all  my  lifetime, 
I  know  I  never  could  be  able  to  write  more 
honestly  than  I  liave.  I  am  sometimes  p^iz- 
zled  most  plaguily  to  git  words  to  tell  jest 


42  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

exactly  what  I  think,  and  what  I  know :  and 
when  1  git'em  I  don't  know  exactly  how  to 
spelFem — but  so  long  as  I  git  the  sound,  I'll 
let  other  folks  git  the  sense  on't— pretty  much 
as  our  old  friend  down  to  Salem,  who  bilt  a 
big  ship  to  go  to  China — he  call'd  her  the 
'AshaJ  Now  there  is  sich  a  thing  as  folks 
knowing  too  much  ;  all  the  lariied  ones  was 
puzzled  to  know  who  'Asha^  was;  and  they 
never  would  know  to  this  day  what  it  ment, 
if  the  owner  of  the  ship  had'nt  tell'd  'em  that 
China  was  in  '  Asha.^  '  Oli !  ah  !'  says  the 
lamed  folks,  'we  see  now — but  that  ain't 
the  way  to  spell  it.'  '  What,'  says  he,  '  if 
A-s-h-a  don't  spell  Asha,  what  on  earth  does 
it  spell?'  And  that  stump'd  'em." 

EXPOSITION    OF    THE    CONSONANTS. 

24.  B  is  represented  in  the  present  sys- 
tem of  Stenography,  by  a  small  semicircle, 
thus  c  ,  (the  reverse  of  /  D  )  always  com- 
mencing at  the  top ;  as  for  example  ^  bst, 
</-^  bmg,  &c. 

25.  B  may  be  omitted  in  such  words  as 
comb,  dumh,  tomh,  &c. 

26.  To  express  bb,  the  character  for  b  must 
be  made  twice  witho-it  lifting  the  pen. 

27.  Be,  forming  a  distinct  syllable  at  the 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  43 

beginning  of  a  word,  is  expressed  by  mak- 
ing the  character  for  h  twice  its  usual  size ; 
thus  Q ,  writing  (^  be-km,  for  became  and 
become,  &c. 

28.  C.  The  hard  sound  of  c,  heard  in 
calm,  cap,  cost,  cup,  &c.,  is  represented  by 
k;  and  the  soft  sound  in  such  w^ords  as  cer- 
tain, cent,  celestial,  &c.,  by  s  ;  writing  kst  for 
cast  and  cost ;  krv  for  carve  and  curve ;  srtn 
for  certain,  &c. 

29.  Ch.  For  the  expression  of  ch,see  ex- 
position of  the  double  consonants,  No.  92. 

30.  D  is  represented  by  a  short  oblique 
line,  thus,  /  (the  reverse  of  p\)  in  all  cases 
commencing  at  the  top.     Examples,  /o  drk, 

O-  dprt,  &c. 

31.  />  at  the  end  of  a  word,  has  frequently 
the  sound  of  t,  which  letter  may  be  substi- 
tuted for  the  former,  when  more  convenient- 
ly joined  with  the  preceding  character;  wri- 
ting dstrst  for  distressed ;  xprst  for  express- 
ed,  &c. 

32.  D  may  be  omitted  in  such  words  as 
friendship,  landlord,  landscape,  &c. 

33.  Dd,  must  be  expressed  by  making  the 
character  for  d  twice  separately,  thus,  yy  as 
y^  dd-n  for  deaden;  ^  kn-dd  for  candid,  &c. 


44  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

34.  F  is  represented  by  two  distinct  cha- 
racters, each  composed  of  a  loop  and  small 
semicircle,  thus  e  and  5  ,  leaving  the  wri- 
ter at  liberty  to  use  either,  as  may  be  found 
most  easily  combined  with  the  preceding  or 
following  character.  Examples,  5_  Ift^  \<2 
2)rf,  &c. 

35.  F  must  always  be  substituted  for  gh 
and  jpA,  in  such  words  as  cough,  laugh,  rough, 
tough,  phantom,  pheasant,  j)hilosopher,  &c. 

36.  Ff  may  be  expressed  thus  ^  or  ^  , 

37.  G  is  represented  by  a  small  descend- 
ing curve  and  horizontal  line,  thus  ^  (the 
reverse  of^c-)  as  in  -^  gd,    ^ — f'^'g^^  &^- 

38.  G  and  gh  being  silent,  may  be  omit- 
ted in  such  words  as  gnat,  phlegm,  feign, 
reign,  resign,  light,  sight,  &c. 

39.  Gh  occurring  together  in  the  middle 
or  at  the  end  of  a  word,  have  generally  the 
sound  of/,  as  heard  in  enough,  laugh,  trough, 
&c.,  and  must  be  substituted  by  that  letter 
accordingly. 

40.  Gg  must  be  expressed  thus  •-.-  ,  as  in 
the  words  gag,  gig,  &c. 

41.  ff.  Two  distinct  characters  have  been 
appropriated  to  represent  this  letter,  not  only 
to  render  it  more  convenient  in  combination, 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHT. 


45 


but  to  afford  a  ready  means  of  expressinp^ 
the  present  and  past  tenses  of  the  auxiliary 
verb  to  have.     (See  exercise  8.) 

42.  Each  of  the  characters  representing 
h,  is  composed  of  a  large  semicircle,  the  first 
being  made  twice  the  size  of  m  ^ ,  thus  r^, 
the  second  twice  that  of  ti  o ,  thus  v^,  leav- 
ing the  writer  at  liberty  to  use  that  which 
most  easily  combines  with  the  preceding  or 
following  character. 

43.  Although  h  is  silent  at  the  beginning 
of  some  words,  it  will  be  preferable  to  use 
it  in  spelling,  instead  of  the  vowel  which  it 
may  happen  to  precede,  writing  hrh  for  herb^ 
instead  of  trb;  hnr  for  honor,  instead  of 
6nr,  &c. 

44.  *^  which  has  a  perfect  uniformity  of 
sound,  (except  in  hallelujah)  is  represented 
by  a  small  ascending  curve  and  horizontal 
line,  thus  ^ ,  (the  reverse  of  ^  '-  )  as  in  1- 
jst,  c^^  jml,  &c. 

45.  When  g  has  a  soft  sound, 7  may  be  sub- 
stituted for  it,  as  in  the  words  gem,  gin,  gin- 
ger, gipsey,  &c. 

46.  K  is  also  represented  by  two  distinct 
characters,  thus  6> ,  and  <d  ;  either  of  which 
must  be  used  (as  in  the  cases  of/  and  v,)  ac- 


46  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

cording  to  its  ready  combination  with  other 
letters.    Examples,  /o  drk^  o^^  mk^  Uqk,  &c. 

47.  K  must  be  substituted  for  c  and  c/i,  in 
such  words  as  came,  care,  case,  curse,  chaos, 
chasm,  character,  &c. 

48.  K  may  be  omitted  wiien  preceding  n 
in  the  same  syllable,  in  such  words  as  knave, 
knee,  knock,  &c. 

49.  Kk  may  be  expressed  thus  ro  or  o^/. 

50.  L  is  represented  by  a  small  semicir- 
cle, thus  )  ,  (the  reverse  of  6  c  ,)  always  com- 
mencing at  the  top.  Examples,  3  ^^j  ^ 
lj?s,  &c. 

51.  £j  being  silent,  may  be  omitted  in 
such  words  as  calf,  calm,  pahn,  scilve,  talk, 
wd]k,  &c. 

52.  LI  must  be  expressed  thus  ^ ,  as  in 
V3  pr-l-l,  for  parallel,  &c. 

53.  Mis  represented  by  a  small  semicir- 
cle, thus^,  (the  reverse  of  n^)  as  in  -> 
mnd,  rv^  mrk,  &c. 

54.  To  express  mm,  write  the  character 
for  m  twice,  as  in  ^"^  mm-br  for  mem- 
ber, &c. 

55.  N  is  represented  by  a  small  semicir- 
cle, thus  u ,  (the  reverse  of  m  ^ ,)  as  in  ^^-^ 
ngr,  N^  nvr,  &c. 


SdENCE  OF  STENOGEAPHT.  47 

56.  iVmay  be  omitted  at  the  end  of  such 
words  as  kiln,  hymn,  autumn,  solemn,  &c. 

57.  JVn.  Write  the  character  representing 
n  twice,  for  nn,  as  in  ^  In-n,  for  linen,  &,c. 

58.  P  is  represented  by  a  short  oblique 
line,  drawn  downwards  from  left  to  right, 
thus  \  ,  (the  reverse  of  d  /  ,)  as  in  nx  pif, 
\r-  prt,  &c. 

59.  P,  when  preceded  by  x,  is  expressed 
by  drawing  the  line  of  the  character  repre- 
senting the  latter  twice  its  usual  length, 
thus  \i_  xpi'st,  &c. 

60.  P  may  always  be  omitted  in  such 
words  as  pneumatics,  ipsalm.,  i^tisan,  tempt, 
contempt,  raspberry,  receipt,  redemption,  re- 
sumption, (fee. 

61.  Ph,  except  when  silent,  must  be  substi- 
tuted by  the  letters/  or  v;  as  in  the  words 
nephew,  phantom,  philosopher,  &c. 

62.  To  express  p/?,  the  character  for  jo,  is 
made  twice,  thus  %  .  Example,  w,  p-pl  for 
people,  &c. 

63.  Q  is  represented  by  a  small  curve  and 
perpendicular  line  thus  1  (the  reverse  of  wh 

r  )  as  in  K  qh   ]/)  qrl,  &c. 

64.  Qu  may  be  substituted  by  k  in  such 
words  as  conquer,  liquor,  marrpie,  &c. 


48  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

65.  Ca,  frequently  sound  like  q^  and  may 
be  expressed  by  the  same  character;  wri- 
ting ^r  for  cure;  se-qr  for  secure;  l-o-q-tiou 
for  elocution,  &c. 

66.  R,  when  joined  with  other  letters,  is 
represented  by  a  simple  oblique  line,  thus  /  , 
the  same  as  d,  with  this  exception,  rf  is  al- 
ways made  down  from  right  to  left;  but  r 
nmst  in  all  cases  be  made  up  from  left  to 
right,  as  in  the  following  examples,  /t»  drk^ 

/u    I'st,   O-  dprt,  .j^  trnd,  &c. 

67.  He,  forming  a  distinct  syllable  at  the 
beginning  of  a  word,  must  be  expressed  by 
the  character  representing  r  in  the  first,  sec- 
ond and  third  exercises,  thus  (f  ,  in  all  cases 
commencing  with  the  curve.  Examples, 
jiyre-fer,  /-^  re-gard,  &c. 

68.  The  same  cliaracter  is  also  written 
singly,  to  express  the  words  are,  art,  and 
or.     See  No.  150. 

69.  To  express  rr,  first  make  the  simple 
oblique  line  thus  /  ,  commencing  at  bottom ; 
then  join  the  other  character  (  </  )  represent- 
ing r,  to  the  last  point  of  the  former,  thus 
/  ;  writing  _y  tr-r  for  terror ;  -^^^^  ir-rat 
for  torrent,  &c. 

70.  *S  is  represented  by  a  short  perpen- 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  49 

dicular  line,  thus  I  ,  always  commencing  at 
the  top,  as  in  l^  sng,  k/  stnd,  &c. 

71.  S  being  silent,  must  be  omitted  in 
such  words  as  demesne,  isle,  island,  puisne, 
viscount,  &c. 

72.  S  has  frequently  the  sound  of  sh,  and 
must  in  such  cases  be  substituted  by  the 
latter;  WTiting  Asha,  for  Asia;  Prsha,  for 
Persia,  &c. 

73.  A  distinct  character  is  assigned  to  rep- 
resent the  double  consonant  sh,  for  which, 
see  exposition  of  the  same,  No.  95. 

74.  Ss  may  be  expressed  by  making  the 
character  for  s  twice  separately,  thus  1|,  or 
by  drawing  one  twice  its  usual  length,  thus 

I  ,  writing  A\  or  /]    re-ss,  for  7'ecess,  &c. 

75.  Tis  represented  by  a  short  horizontal 
line  thus  — ,  in  all  cases  to  be  made  from 
left  to  right.  Examples,  -y^  trn,  -A-  trst,  &c, 

76.  T  may  be  omitted  in  such  words  as 
bustle,  chasten,  eclat,  hautboy,  mortgage,  &c. 

77.  Tt  must  be  written  thus  = ,  as  in  =5 
tt-l,  for  tattle  and  tittle,  &c. 

78.  Th  occurring  together,  must  be  ex- 
pressed by  drawing  the  horizontal  line  for 
t  tw  ice  its  usual  length,  thus  — ,  as  in  ^ 

6 


50  A  COJIPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

thru,  0  ^'^'^'^j  &c.     See  exposition  of  the 

double  consonants,  No.  ^;6. 

79.  Fis  represented  by  two  distinct  cha- 
racters, each  composed  of  a  loop  and  large 
semicircle,  thus  Q  and  ^1  (twice  the  size 
of  those  representing  /,)  either  of  which 
may  be  used  for  v,  when  written  in  connec- 
tion with  other  letters,  as  in  the  following 

examples :  t  ^^,  3  ^"'  ^  ^^^^>  ^^-  -^^^  ^^^^ 
words  they  denote  when  standing  alone,  see 
Nos.  153  and  154. 

80.  Vv  may  be  expressed  by  writing  either 
of  the  characters  for  v,  twice. 

81.  W.  Two  distinct  characters  have  been 
appropriated  to  represent  this  letter,  eacli 
composed  of  a  small  loop  and  large  semi- 
circle, thus  C^  and  O,  (twice  the  size  of 
those  representing  A:;)  writing  either  in  con- 
nection with  other  letters.  Examples,  ^ 
did,  COT)  frwl,  <&c. 

82.  TV  may  be  omitted  in  such  w^ords  as 
wrap,  wreck,  wretch,  answer,  sword,  &c. 

83.  For  the  expression  of  ivh,  see  exposi- 
tion of  the  double  consonants,  No.  97. 

84.  JC  is  also  represented  by  two  distinct 
characters,  each  composed  of  a  small  curve 
and  oblique  line,  thus  'xand  ^;  using  that 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  51 

which  most  easily  combines  with  the  pre- 
ceding letter.    Examples,  ^  sx,  ^^  txt^  &c. 

85.  JThas  the  sound  of  z  at  the  beginning 
of  proper  names,  as  heard  in  JCanthus,  Xeno- 
j)hon,  Xerxes,  &c.,  and  must  be  substituted 
by  that  letter  accordingly. 

86.  X  may  generally  be  substituted  for 
cks,  or  cts,  at  the  end  of  a  word;  writing   c^ 
fx  for  facts,  fix,  and  fox;  /^  rx  for  racks ^ 
ricks,  rocks,  and  icrecks,  &c. 

87.  Y,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word  or  syl- 
lable, is  represented  thus  7  ,  (the  reverse  of 
z  /" ,)  always  commencing  with  the  curve,  as 
in  I-  yt,  l^  yng,  &c. 

88.  ymust  always  be  substituted  for  i, 
in  the  final  syllable  of  such  words  as  billiards, 
collier,  million.,  onion,  pinion,  pannier,  &c. 

89.  For  the  expression  of  y,  in  such  words 
as  day,  prey,  many,  marry,  type,  thyme,  ty- 
rant, &c.  See  exposition  of  the  vowels  a, 
e  and  i;  Nos.  102, 112, 113,  117. 

90.  Z  is  represented  by  a  small  curve  and 
oblique  line,  thus  /" ,  (the  reverse  of  7  ?/,) 
in  all  cases  commencing  at  the  top.  Ex- 
amples znk  ^,  zst  (Z,  &c. 

91.  Z  may  frequently  be  substituted  for  s. 


52  A  COJITLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

when  it  has  the  hard  hissing  sound  of  the 
former. 

EXPOSITION  OF  THE  DOUBLE  CONSONANTS. 

92.  Ch.  The  sound  of  ch^  as  heard  in 
charrrij  chajUer^  child,  chosen,  church,  &c.,  is 
represented  thus  j ,  always  commencin*; 
with  the  curve.     Examples,  y:>,  chl  for  ckili, 

y-^  chng,  for  change,  &c. 

93.  Ch  having  a  hard  sound  like  k,  in  chaos, 
chorus,  chemist,  &c.,  must  always  be  ex- 
pressed by  A;  in  such  words  accordingly ; 
writing  skem  for  scheme;  skodl  for  school,  &c. 

94.  Ch  must  be  expressed  by  sh,  in  such 
words  as  chagrin,  cJtaise,  chamade,  chande- 
lier, &c. 

95.  Sh  is  represented  thus  \  and  /;  the 
first  being  an  oblique  line  twice  the  length 
of  p,  always  commencing  at  the  top,  as  in 

\^  shrt,  «&c.;  the  second  is  an  oblique  line 
twice  the  length  of  d,  and  may  be  made 
either  by  an  ascending  or  descending  move- 
ment, as  convenience  of  combination  may 
require.     Examples,  s/  psh,    /y    shtr,  &c. 

96.  th.  For  the  expression  of  ih,  draw 
the  horizontal  line  for  t,  twice  its  usual 
length,  thus  ,  as  in    r^    thm,     — ^ 

thnks,  vfcc. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY,  5S 

97.  Wh.  A  small  curve  and  perpendicu- 
lar line,  thus  r ,  (the  reverse  of  r/,)  must  be 
used  for  the  expression  o^wh;  as  in  the  fol- 
lowing examples,  [^  lohen^  whin,  L  lohatj 
whet,  ichit,  &c. 

98.  The  first  character  representing  A, 
must  be  written  instead  of  the  above,  lor  ich, 
in  such  words  as  whole,  wholesome,  icholly, 
whoop,  whoot,  &c. 

99.  After  the  learner  has  given  due  atten- 
tion to  the  foregoing  illustrations,  he  may 
commence  joining  the  characters  together, 
and  for  his  first  practice,  copy  the  examples 
which  have  been  introduced  in  the  Steno- 
graphical  Copy  Book,  as  the  Fifth  Lesson ; 
writing  each  as  many  times  as  possible  in 
the  space  appropriated  for  that  purpose. 

100.  The  student  must  next  proceed  to  ex- 
press in  Short-Hand,  the  following  exercise, 
and  while  writing  each  example  as  in  the 
previous  lesson,  endeavor  to  impress  upon 
his  memory  the  words  they  respectively 
stand  for. 


54 


A  COMPLETE  GUrDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  FIFTH. 

With  a  view  to  facilitate  the  progress  of  the  Learner,  as  much  ' 

as  possible  iu  reading  Short-Hand  manuscript,  the  word  or  words  | 

which  each  example  may  denote,  have  bee 

ti  placed  immediately 

at  the  ri 

ghi  of  the  same: — for  instance, 

the  letters  bst,  when 

joined  together,  will  stand  for  best  and  bust,  leaving  the  writer  | 

in  deciph 

ering  to  be  guided  by  the  context, 

which  of  those  words 

the  characters  were  rntended'to  express. 

bnd 

band,  bend,  bond,        j 

fst 

fast,  fist,  fust, 

bng 

bang,  bung,                   ! 

flsh  95 

flash,  flesh,  flush, 

bsk 

bask,  busk. 

frnd 

friend. 

bst 

best   bust, 

frnk 

frank. 

bind 

bland,  blend,  blond, 

frst 

first,  frost, 

blnk 

blank,  blink. 

gg40 

gift,  y 

blst 

blast,  blessed,  31 

g't 

brnk 

brank,  brink, 

gmp 

gimp, 

bnch  92 

bench,  bunch. 

berth,  birth,  breath,     ; 

grd 

gird,  guard, 

brth96 

gsh95 

gash,  gush, 

bbl26 

babble,  bubble. 

pt 
hmp 

guest,  gust. 

bba 

bobbin, 

hemp,  hump. 

be-km  27 

became,  become, 

hnt 

hint,  hunt. 

be-dk 

bedeck. 

hrd 

hard,  heard,  herd, 

be-din 

bedim. 

hrt 

hart,  heart,  hurt, 

he-frnd 

befriend, 

hsh95 

hash,  hush. 

be.gt 

begat,  beget,  begot, 
behead, 

jb 

jib,  job. 

be-hd 

I? 

jagg,  jig,  jog,  jug. 

be-hld 

beheld. 

4m 

jam, jamb,  25  gem,  45 

be-lng 

belong. 

Jt 

jet,  jot,  jut. 

be-nm 

benum. 

ist 
kl 

jest,  just. 

be-qst 

bequest. 

cull,  47  kill,  kiln,  56 

be-rft 

bereft 

kp 

cap,  cop,  cup. 

be-st 

besat,  beset,  besot, 

krd 

card,  curd. 

be-trst 

betrust, 

krv 

carve,  curve, 

dd33 

dad,  dead,  did. 

kst 

cast,  cost. 

dg 

dag,  dig,  dog,  dug, 

king 

clang,  cling,  clung. 

amp 

damp,  dump, 

krmp 

cramp,  crimp,  crump, 

dns28 

dance,  dense,  dunce, 

krsh  95 

crash,  crush. 

drk 

dark,  dirk. 

ktch  92 

catch,  ketch, 

drm 

dram,  drum, 

1ft 

left,  lift,  loft, 

drs 

dress,  dross. 

imp 

lami),  limp,  lump, 
land,  lend, 

drt 

dart,  dirt. 

Ind 

dsk 

desk,  disk,  dusk, 

Ing 

ling,  long,  lung. 

dsh95 

dash,  dish, 

ink 

lank,  link. 

dth96 

death,  doth. 

Int 

lent,  lint,  lunt, 

drft  35 

draft,  draujjht,  drift, 
drank, drink,  drunk, 

Irk 

lark,  lurk, 

drnk 

1st 

last,  lest,  list  lost  lust, 

fl 

fell,  fill,  full. 

mnk 

mink,  monk, 

ffr36 

feoffer. 

mrk  64 

mark,  marque. 

fnd 

fend,  fond. 

msh  95 

mash,  mesh,  mush. 

frm 

farm,  firm,  form,            msk  64 

mask,  mosque,  musk. 

SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY. 


55 


EXERCISE  FIFTH                    i| 

[continued.] 

1 
— — — — ^— — ^             1 

ninr 

manner,  manor, 

qstn 

— — -1 

question,                       '. 

mrn 

morn,  mourn, 

rft 

raft,  reft,  rift,              ! 

mmbr  54 

member. 

rnk 

rank,                             ; 

iiingl 

mangle,  mmgle, 

rnt 

rant,  rent,  runt,            ; 

1  ninth  96 

month, 

rsh  95 

rash,  rush, 

mrkt 

market. 

rsk 

risk,  rusk,                     • 

mrsl 

morsel. 

rmpl 
rnnm. 

rimple,  rumple,            i 
random,                          i 

mrtl 

mortal,  myrtle, 

mrtr 

martyr,  mortar, 

mdr 

render. 

mrvl 

marvel, 

rnkl 

rankle,  wrinkle,  82 

mstr 

master,  muster, 

rnsm 

ransom. 

nk 

knack,  4S  knock,  nick, 

rstk 

rustic,  47 

"P=» 

knap,  nap,  nip, 

re-dm  67 

redeem, 

nn57 

none,  nun, 

re-drs 

redress, 

nmf 

nymph,  35 

re-fr 

refer, 

nml 

animal,  enamel, 

re-grd 
re-Int 

regard, 
relent. 

nrv 

nerve. 

ntr 

enter,  inter, 

re-lx  84 

relax. 

nktr 

nectar,  47 

re-mmbr 

remember. 

nmbr 

number. 

re-mrk 

remark. 

npkn 

napkin, 

re-ms 

remiss. 

pack,  peck,  pick. 

re-pl 

repel. 

P"1P.<, 

pimp,  pomp,  pump. 

re-pnt 

repent, 

ppl62 

people, 

re-pst 

repast, 

prl 

pearl,  purl, 

re-ss  74 

recess. 

pst 

past,  pest, 

re-sst 

resist. 

pth96 

path,  pith. 

re-spnd 

respond, 

pdlr 

padler,  pedlar. 

re-trd 

retard. 

pink 

plank. 

re-trn 

return. 

pnch  92 

pinch,  punch. 

re-vng 

revenge, 

pndr 

pander,  ponder. 

re-vrs 

reverse, 

pnmn 

penman, 

re-vrt 

revert, 

ppln  62 

poplin, 

sft 

sift,  soft. 

prdn 

pardon, 
parallel. 

skm 

scum,  skim. 

prll52 

snf 

sniff\  snijff, 
spell,  spill. 

prns 

prance,  prince,  28 

spl 

prsh  9o 

parish,  perish, 

spr 

spar^  spur, 
staff,  stiff. 

prsl 

parcel,  28 

stf 

pstr 

pastor,  pester. 

stp 

step,  stopj 

pttr  77 

patter,  potter, 

swm 

swam,  swim,  swum. 

qk 

quack,  quick, 

sing 

slang,  slin^,  slung, 
slink,  slunk. 

qi 

quell,  quill. 

sink 

qkn 

quicken, 

smpl 

sample,  simple, 

qlt 

quilt. 

spnk 

spank, spink,  spunk. 

qrk 

quirk, 

sppr  62 

sapper,  supper,             ! 

qrl 

quarrel,  querl, 

sstm  74 

system. 

qrt 

quart, 

sstr 

sister. 

qnch  92 

quench, 

stmp 

stamp,  stump. 

1  qntm 

quantum, 

stng 

stang,  sting,  stung, 

56 


A  C031PLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  FIFTH     ^                | 

[continued.] 

tkl 

tackle,  tickle. 

xprt 

expert,  export. 

tug 

tang,  tongue. 

xtnt 

extant,  extent. 

trn 

tern,  torn,  turn. 

yi 

yell. 

tsk 

task, tusk. 

ys 

yes. 

ttl  77 

tattle,  little. 

>'J 

yacht,  yet. 

tmpr 

tamper,  temper. 

ylp 

yelp. 

tndr 

tender,  tinder. 

yng 

yrd 

young. 

tngl 

tangle,  tingle. 

yard. 

"■"^Po. 

tramp,  tromp,  trump. 

yrk 

yerk. 

trth  96 

troth,  truth. 

ym 

yarn,  yem. 

vmp 
vnd 

vamp, 
vend. 

zfr 
znk 

zaffir,  zephyr.  61 
zinc. 

vnm 

venom. 

zst 

zest. 

vnt 

vent. 

chf  92 

chaff,  chuff. 

vrg 

verge. 

chp 

chap,  chip,  chop. 

vrs 

verse. 

cht 

chat,  chit. 

vsl 

vassal,  vessel. 

chmp 

champ,  chump. 

vst 

vast,  vest. 

chns 

chance. 

vxnS4 

vixen. 

chnt 

chant. 

vrbl 

verbal. 

chrm 

charm. 

vrgn 

virgin. 

chrt 

chart. 

vrmn 

vermin. 

chst 

chest. 

vml 

vernal. 

chptr 

chapter. 

vspr 

vesper. 

shn  95 

shin,  shun. 

vstl 

vestal. 

shd 

shad,  shed, shod. 

wt 

wet,  wit. 

shp 

ship,  shop. 

wft 

waft,  weft. 

shft 

shaft,  shift. 

wit 

welt,  wilt. 

shlf 

shell. 

wnd 

wand,  wend,  wind. 

shrk 

shark. 

wng 

wang,  wing. 

shrp 

sharp. 

wnk 

wink. 

shtr 

shatter  shutter. 

wnt 

want,  went,  wont. 

shltr 

shelter. 

wrd 

ward,  word. 

shngl 

shingle. 

wrm 

warm,  worm. 

thn96 

than,  then,  thin. 

wrn 

warn,  worn. 

thr 

their,  there. 

wsh  95 

wash,  wish. 

ths 

this,  thus. 

wsp 

wasp,  wisp. 

thnk 

thank,  think. 

wtch  92 

watch,  witch. 

thrd 

third,  thread.               ; 

wndr 

wander,  wonder. 

thndr 

thunder.                       • 

wlkm 

welcome. 

thrft 

thrift. 

wntr 

winter. 

thrng 

throng. 

wsdm 

wisdom. 

thrsh 

thrash,  thresh,  thrush.! 

TS 

excess. 

thrst 

thirst,  thrust. 

xmn 

examine. 

whf97 

whiff. 

xmt 

exempt.  60 

whm 

whim. 

xpl  59 

expel. 

whn 

when,  whin.                 j 

xst 

exist. 

whr 

where.                         j 

xpnd  59 

expand, expend. 

wht 

what,  whet,  whit. 

xprs 

express. 

whip 

whelp.                           • 

SCIENCE  Of  STENOGEAPIIY.  57 

EXPOSITION  OF  THE  VOWELS  AND  DIPHTHONGS. 

101.  A.  The  long  slender  sound  of  a, 
as  heard  in  age,  ake,  ale,  base,  face,  pare,  tare, 
&c.,  is  represented  thus  1  at  the  beginning 
of  a  word,  and  thus  ^  or  p  ,  when  preceded 
by  other  characters.  Examples,  V  ^i^'? 
'L  &te,  ^  larne,  ^  rare,  &c. 

102.  The  long  slender  a  must  be  substi- 
tuted for  the  diphthongs,  ai,  an,  ay,  ea,  ei,  and 
ey,  in  such  words  as  aid,  gauge,  nay,  reign, 
prey,  &c. 

103.  The  long  Italian  &,  at  the  beginning 
of  a  word,  as  heard  in  alms,  ardor,  army, 
<&c.,  is  represented  thus  S  •  Examples,  V 
iirch,  °^  ark,  &c. 

104.  The  short  Italian  a,  at  the  beginning 
of  a  word,  as  heard  in  add,  act,  ant,  &c.,  is 
represented  thus  p .    Examples,   6^  answer, 

«;  \  attend,  B-^  attempt,  &c. 

105.  The  long  or  short  Italian  a,  occur- 
ring in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  a  word, 
may  be  expressed  thus  "^  or  p .  Examples, 
"p,  balm,  ^    Id,    <rv^  curd,  &c. 

106.  The  same  characters  (  S  and  P  )  must 
also  be  used  to  express  the  diphthong  au,  in 
such  words  as  aunt,  daunt,  jjaunt,  laug] 
launch,  (fee.  ^ 


58  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

107.  The  broad  German  a,  au  and  aw, 
may  be  expressed  thus  ex  or  R  ,  as  in  ^\y 

dltar  and  alter,    *\ /  author,  °Cy  daughter, 

Av  draw,  — \thaiD,  &c. 

108.  Oa  and  ou,  have  sometimes  the  sound 
of  au,  and  must  be  expressed  by  the  same 
characters   accordingly.      Examples,      ^ 
broad,    — ^  thought,  &c. 

109.  When  the  long  sound  of  e  as  heard 
in  eagle,  east,  beam,  deem,  &c.,  occurs  at  the 
beginning  of  a  word,  it  is  represented  thus 
'N .     Examples,    ^  each,   v  ear,  &c. 

110.  The  short  sound  of  e,  at  the  begin- 
ning of  a  word,  as  heard  in  ebb,  edge,  etch,  &c., 
is  represented  thus  <?>. .  Examples,  V  irr, 
V^  earn,  &c. 

111.  The  long  or  short  sound  of  e  occur- 
ring in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  a  word, 
it  may  be  expressed  thus  <n  or  <^  .  Exam- 
ples, ^  fear,  ^  free,  ^ ^^i   authoress,  e^a^ 

comet,  &c. 

1 12.  JS  must  be  substituted  for  the  diph- 
thongs, ea,  ee,  ei,  ey,  and  ie,  in  the  words, 
beast,  beer,  ceil,  key,  liege,  &c. 

1 13.  /  and  y  must  be  expressed  by  e,  in  such 
words  as  fatigue,  intrigue,  marine,  fancy, 
mercy,  &c. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  59 

114.  When  the  long  diphthongal  sound  of 
i,  (as  heard  in  ice,  idol,  item,  fight,  light, 
mine,  time,  cfec.,)  occurs  at  the  beginning  of 
a  word,  it  is  represented  thus  a- .  Exam- 
ples, B-^  iron,  o — rs  item,,  &c. 

1 15.  The  short  sound  of  l,  at  the  begin- 
ning of  a  word,  as  heard  in  ill,  imp,  itch,  &c., 
is  represented  thus  °-.  Examples,  o.,^  inch, 
«-vj{^  ink,  &c. 

116.  The  long  or  short  sound  of  i,  when 
written  in  conjunction  with,  and  preceded 
by  other  characters,  may  be  expressed  thus 
<r-  or  "^ .  Examples,  '''"^—  high,  hie,  \» — ,  night, 
\^  pride,    r>Qrc\  mimic,  V-v  panic,  &c. 

117.  The  diphthongs  ei,  eye,  ie,  ui  and  uy, 
also  y,  sounding  like  i  long,  in  such  words  as 
height,  eyelid,  lie,  guide,  buy,  tyjye,  tyrant,  &c. 
must  be  expressed  by  the  same  characters. 

118.  Oi  and  oy.  For  the  expression  of 
oi  and  oy,  make  the  loops  of  the  characters 
representing  i,  twice  their  usual  size,  thus 
a-  and  ^.  Examples,  o~)  oil  'n^  oyster, 
c-o-  joy,  ^~a-o  join,   -^  noise,  &c. 

119.  The  long  open  6,  as  heard  in  old, 
Open,  hope,  more,  sore,  tone,  &c.,  is  represent- 
ed thus  </  ,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word.  Ex- 
amples, o/  ode,  y^  oral,  &c. 


60  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

120.  The  short  and  broad  sounds  of  o,  as 
lieard  in  object^  observe^  organ,  orphan,  &c., 
are  represented  thus  <^  at  the  beginning  of 
a  word.  Examples,  a/1  iippress,  yi  ordeal, 
&c. 

121.  When  the  long,  short  or  broad  sound 
of  0,  occurs  in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  ol'  a 
^vord,  it  may  be  expressed  thus  </  or  ,^  . 
Examples,  ni/  mode,  o^  moan,  ^^^,  carol, 
yf  sord,  &c. 

122.  Oa,  oe  oo,  ou,  ew  and  eau,  sound 
like  the  long  open  o  in  such  words  as  boar, 
foe,  floor,  pour,  slow,  sew,  beau,  &c.,  and  must 
therefore  be  expressed  by  the  same  char- 
acters. 

123.  The  long  close  6,  and  66,  as  heard  in 
l6se,  m6ve,  pr6ve,  7'66m,  sp66n,  t66l,  &c.  must  be 
expressed  by  making  the  loops  of  the  char- 
acters representing  the  long  open,  short  and 
broad  o,  twice  their  usual  size — thus  c/  and 

6  .     Examples,    a^    l6se,   n^  m66n,  \9^ 
n66n,  &c. 

124.  The  long  close  6  must  be  substituted 
for  the  diphthongs  eu,  oe,  ou,  and  ico,  in  such 
words  as  rheum,  canoe,  shoe,  croup,  soup, 
tour,  tico,  &c. 

125.  The  long  sound  of  a,  as  heard   in 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  61 

union,  unity,  pupil,  tutor,  &c.,  is  represented 
thus  ^  at  the  beginning  of  a  word.  Ex- 
amples, ^  use,  ^ unite,  &c. 

126.  The  short  and  middle  sounds  of  u, 
as  heard  in  iincle,  upper,  urge,  urn,  &c.,  are 
represented  thus  /»  at  the  beginning  of  a 
word.  Examples,  £y  Utter,  ^„^  urchin, 
&c. 

127.  The  long,  short,  or  middle  sound  of 
u,  may  be  expressed  thus  ^  or  /»  when 
written  in  conjunction  with,  and  preceded 
by  other  characters.  Examples,  <^  rule, 
-^  tune,  "-^  gamut,  &c. 

128.  ^may  be  substituted  for  eu,  ew,  ue, 
ieu,  and  iew,  in  such  words  as  feud,  few, 
glue,  lieu,  view,  &c. 

129.  Ue  must  be  omitted  in  the  words 
fatigue,  intrigue,  oblique,  &c. 

130.  The  sound  of  the  diphthongs  ou  and 
oiD,  as  heard  in  hour,  sour,  boicer,  tower, 
&c.,  is  expressed  by  making  the  loops  of 
the  characters  representing  u  twice  their 
usual  size,  thus  9  and/o.     Examples, 

y*  now,  — 7^  thou,  ifec. 

6 


62 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  SIXTH. 

Examples  for  the 

Learner's 

practice. 

ad  101 

aid.  102 

la 

lay. 

a 

age. 

lad 

lade,  laid. 

ake,  ache. 

lam 

lame. 

al 

ale,  ail. 

Ian 

lane,  lain. 

am 

aim. 

lat 

late. 

ap 

ape. 

mad 

made,  maid. 

ar 

air,  ere,  e'er,  heir.  102 

mal 

male,  mail. 

at 

ate,  eight.  102 

man 

mane,  main. 

bl 

bay,  bey.  102 

mar 

mare,  mayor.  102 

bab 

babe. 

mat 

mate. 

bak 

bake. 

maz 

maze,  maize. 

ba'i 

bale,  bail.  102 

na 

nay,  neigh.  102 

ban 

bane. 

nal 

nail. 

bar 

bare,  bear.  102 

nar 

nave,  knave.  48 

bas 

base,  biss. 

pa 

pay. 

bat 

bate,  bait. 

pad 

paid. 

baz 

baize,  bays.  91 

pal 

pale,  pail. 

da 

day, dey. 102 

pan 

pane,  pain. 

dil 

dale. 

par 

pare,  pair,  pear. 

dam 

dame. 

qak 

quake. 

i  dan 

dane,  deign.  102 

qal 

quail. 

dar 

dare. 

ra 

ray. 

dat 
fad 

date, 
fade. 

3f 

rage, 
rail. 

fall 

fail. 

ran 

rane,  rain,  rein,  reign. 

fam 

fume. 

rang 

range. 

fan 

fane,  fain,  feign. 

far 

rare. 

(ant 

faint,  faint. 

rat 

rate. 

far 

fare,  fair. 

sa 

say. 
sale,  sail. 

;  fas 

face.  28 

sal 

fat 

fate. 

sam 

same,  saim. 

fath 

faith.  96 

sant 

saint. 

ga 

gay- 

tal 

tale,  tail. 

gae 
gal 

gage,  gauge.  102 
gale. 

tam 
tant 

tame, 
taint. 

gam 

game. 

tap 

tape. 

gau 

gain. 

tar 

tare,  tear. 

gat 

gate,  gait. 

val 

vale,  vail,  veil.  102 

ff 

gaze. 

van 

vane,  vain,  vein. 

hay,  hey.  102 

vas 

va§e. 

hal 

hale,  hail. 

wa 

way,  weigh.  102 

hSr 

hare,  hair. 

wad 

wade,  weighed. 

hit 

hate. 

wal 

wale,  wail. 

& 

jade. 

wan 
war 

wane,  wain, 
ware,  wear. 

V 

jail,  gaol.  45 

wast 

waste,  waist. 

Q 

jane. 

kale,  kayle.  102 

wat 

wav 

wait,  weight, 
wave,  waive. 

kas 

case. 

ya 

yea. 

SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY. 


63 


EXERCISE  SIXTH                     \\ 

[continued.] 

ech  109 

each. 

lev 

leave. 

ek 

eke. 

med' 

mead,  meed. 

el 

eel. 

mek 

meek. 

en 

e'en. 

mel 

meal. 

er 

ear. 

men 

mean,  mien.  112          t 

es 

ease. 

m5r 

mere. 

tst 

east. 

met 

meat,  meet,  mete. 

et 

eat. 

ne 

knee.  48 

ev 

eve. 

ned 

need,  kneed, knead. 

be  111 

bee. 

nel 

kneel. 

bed 

bead. 112 

n5p 

neap.                             . 

bef 

beef. 

n5r 

near. 

bek 

beak. 

net 

neat. 

bem 

beam. 

pel 

peal,  peel. 

ben 

bean. 

per 

peer,  pier.              .       j 

bar 

beer,  bier.  112 

qeu 

quean,  queen. 

bet 

beat,  beet. 

qer 

queer.                            t 

ded 

deed. 

rJch 

reach.                            i 

del 

deal. 

red 

r?ad, reed.                   i 

dem 

deeoi. 

ref 

reef.                              \ 

dea 

deaa.    ^ 

r.k 

reek. 

dep 

deep. 

rcl 

reel. 

der 

dear,  deer. 

rem 

ream. 

fe 

fee. 

r5p 

reap. 

fed 

feed. 

rer 

rear. 

fel 

feel. 

se 

sea,  see. 

feld 

field.  112 

sed 

seed,  cede. 

fer 

fear. 

sek 

seek. 

fest 

feast. 

sel 

seal,  ceil. 

fet 

feat,  feet. 

sera 

seam,  seem. 

ger 

gear. 

sen 

seen,  scene,  seine. 

ges 

geese. 

ser 

sear,  seer,  cere. 

bed 

heed. 

set 

seat. 

hel 

heal,  heel. 

te 

tea. 

hep 

heap. 

tern 

team,  teem. 

her 

hear,  here. 

ter 

tear,  tier. 

het 

heat. 

teth 

teeth. 

heth 

heath. 

vel 

veal. 

jer 
k  1 

jeer. 

ver 

veer. 

keel. 

wed 

weed. 

kga 

keen. 

wek 

weak,  week. 

kep 

keep. 

wel 

weal,  weel. 

15 

lee,  ley. 
leach,  leech. 

weld 

wield. 

lech 

wen 

wean. 

led 

lead, 

wep 

weep. 

lef 

leaf,  lief. 

yeld 

yield. 

lek 

leak,  leek. 

yen 

yean. 

len 

lean. 

yer 

year.                             1 

I5p 

leap. 

zel 

zeal. 

64 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE   SIXTH 

[COMTINUED.] 

idl 

die,  idol. 

mit 

mite,  might. 

idr 

sider. 

nl 

nigh. 

il 

sle. 

knife 

knife. 

Irn 

ion. 

nin 

nine. 

itm 

tern. 

nit 

night,  knight. 

bi 

by,  buy. 

P', 

pie,  pye. 

j 

bid 

bide. 

pil 

pile. 

i 

bU 

bile 

pin 

pine. 

bit 

bite,  bight. 

pip 

pipe. 

di 

die,  dye. 

qir 

quire,  choir. 

dik 

dike. 

ri 

rye,  ^vry.  82 

dim 

dime. 

rid 

ride. 

dimnd 

diamond. 

rlin 

rime,  rhyme. 

dlQ 

dine. 

rip 

ripe. 

dir 

dire,  dyer. 

rit 

rite  writerightwright.il 

dis 

dice. 

ritr 

righter,  writer. 

diT 

dive. 

si 

sigh. 

fl 

fie,  fy. 

sid 

side. 

fif 

fife.-' 

sidl 

sidle. 

fll 

file. 

sin 

sign,  sine. 

fin 

fine. 

sir 

sire. 

find 

find. 

sTrn 

siren. 

finl 

final. 

sit 

site,  sight,  cit« 

28 

fir 

fire. 

sith 

sythe.  117 

fit 

fight. 

ti 

tie,tye. 

fiv 

five. 

tid 

tide,  tied. 

gid 

guide. 

lik 

tike,  tyke. 

S' 

guile. 

til 

tile. 

lie,  high. 

tim 

time,  thyme. 

hid 

hide. 

tip 

type.  117 

hind 

hind. 

llr 

tire,  tyer. 

hir 

hire,  higher. 

tit 

tight. 

hit 

hisht,  height, 
kile. 

tith 

tithe. 

kil 

vi 

vie. 

kin 

kine. 

vil 

vile. 

kit 

kite. 

Tin 

vine. 

li 

lie,  lye. 

vipr 

viper. 

libl 

libel. 

vis 

vise,  vice. 

llf 

life. 

visr 

visor. 

likn 

liken,  lichen.  93 

Titl 

vital. 

Urn 

lime. 

wid 

wide. 

lin 

line. 

wif 

wife. 

lir 

liar,  lier,  lyre. 

wil 

wile. 

lit 

light. 

wild 

wild. 

mil 

mile. 

win 

wine. 

mild 

mild. 

wip 

wipe. 

!  min 

mine. 

wir 

wire. 

1  minr 

miner,  minor. 

!  Wis 

wise. 

fmir 

mire. 

1  wit           i  wight. 

SCIENCE  OF  6TEN06RAPHT. 


65 


EXERCISE  SIXTH                     J 

[continued.] 

oba  101 

obey. 102 

kor 

core,  corps.  60 

od 

ode. 

kors 

coarse,  corse,  course. 

odm 

odium. 

kort 

court. 

odr 

odor. 

kost 

coast. 

of 

oaf.  122 

kot 

coat,  cote. 

ogl 
ok 

ogle. 

kor 

cove. 

oak. 

16 

lo,  low.                        i 

okr 

ochre.  93 

lod 

load,  lode. 

old 

old. 

lorn 

l6am. 

omn 

omen. 

loa 

l5an,  lone. 

on 

own.  122 

lot 

lote. 

onr 

owner. 

15th 

loathe.  96 

op 

ope. 

mo 

mow. 

opl 

opal. 

mdd 

mode. 

opm 

opium. 

mol 

mole. 

or 

oar.  ore,  o'er.  122 

m6ld 

mold,  mould. 

orl 

oral. 

moa 

moan. 

oshn 

ocean. 

mop 

mope.                          ' 

6th  96 

oath. 

m6r 

more,  mower.              | 

ovl 

oval. 

m6rn 

mourn.                          j 

bo 

bo,  bow,  beau.  122 

most 

most. 

bod 

bode. 

motv 

motive. 

bol 

bole,  boll,  bowl. 

Dol 

knoll.  48 

bolt 

b5lt. 

not 

note.                              r 

bor 

boar,  bore. 

p6ch 

poach.  92 

bord 

board,  bored. 

por 

pore,  p6ur. 

bost 

boast. 

q6l 

quote. 

bOt 

boat. 

r6 

roe,  row. 

do 

doe,  dough. 

rob 

robe. 

dol 

dole. 

rod 

road,  rSwed. 

dor 

door. 

rol 

role,  roll. 

dot 

doat,  dote. 

ron 

roan. 

ft 

foe. 

rot 

rote,  wrote.  82 

fol 

foal. 

so 

so,  sow. 

fotn 

foam. 

sol 

sole,  soul. 

for 

fore,  four.  122 

sold 

sold,  souled. 

god 

goad. 

sor 

soar,  sore. 

gol 

goal. 

s6rd 

soared,  sord,  sword.  82 

gor 

goar,  goer,  gore. 

to 

to,  toe,  t6w. 

ho 

ho,  hoe.  122 

t6d 

toad,  towed. 

hom 

home,  holm.  51 

t6l 

tole,  toll. 

hon 

hone. 

t6ld 

told,  tolled. 

hop 

hope. 

vog 
vokl 

vogue. 

jok 

joke. 

vocal. 

iol 
koch  92 

jole,  joll. 

vol 

vole. 

coach.  28 

vot 

vote. 

kol 

coal,  cole. 

wo 

woe. 

kom 

comb.  25 

wod 

woad. 

kon 

cone. 

wov 

wove.                            1 

66 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE   SIXTH 

[CONTIKUED.] 


UUt 

unit 

us 

usr 

bugl 

blu 

brut 

du 

dus 

dru 

fu 

fud 

fudl 

ful 

fum 

fure 

flu 

fluk 

flut 

frut 

glu 


humd 
humn 

^Ql 

julr 

jure 

jurr  69 

klu 

krud 

krul 

krus 

lu 

lud 

luk 
1  lukr 

lun 

Ifinr 
llur 

lus 

liisfr 

lul 

mu 

mul 

mur 

miirl 

mas 


unit. 

unite. 

use. 

user. 

bugle. 

blewjblue.  127 

brute,  bruit. 

dew,  due. 

deuce,  deuse. 

drew. 

few. 

feud. 

feudal. 

fuel. 

fume. 

fury.  113 

flew,  flue. 

fluke. 

flute. 

fruit. 

glue. 

grew. 

hew,  hue. 

humid. 

human. 

jew. 

jewel. 

jeweller. 

jury. 113 

juror. 

clew. 

crude. 

crewel,  cruel. 

cruise,  cruse. 

lieu. 

lewd. 

luke. 

lucre. 

lune. 

lunar 

lure. 

luce. 

lucifer. 

lute. 

mew.  mue. 

mewl,  mule. 

mure 

mural. 


mutne 

mutner 

nu 

nud 

nus 

nutr 

niitrl 

pugl 

pul 

pun 

pQne 

pupl 

pur 

pus 

pfltr 

pQtrr  69 

plum 

plurl 

prud 

prun 

qbb 

qbk 

qkmbr 

rud 

rul 

rumr 

rurl 

su 

surl 

sut 

sutr 

slu 

slus 

spum 

stii 

stupd 

stnpr 

t& 

tub 

tCmd 

tumlt 

tfimr 

tun 

tfitr 

tru 

trus 

vu 

yra 


mutiny.  113 

mutineer. 

new. 

nude. 

news. 

neuter. 

neutral. 

pew. 

pugil. 

pule. 

puisne.  71 

puny.  113 

pupil. 

pure. 

puce. 

pewter. 

pewterer. 

plume. 

plural. 

prude. 

prune. 

cubeb.  65 

cubic. 

cucumber. 

rude. 

rule. 

rumor. 

rural. 

sue. 

sural. 

suit,  suite. 

suitor. 

slew,  slue. 

sluice. 

spume. 

stew. 

stupid. 

stupor. 

tew. 

tube. 

tumid. 

tumult. 

tumor. 

tune. 

tutor. 

true. 

truce. 

view. 

yule. 


SCIENOE  OF  STENOGRAFHT. 


67 


EXERCISE 

SEVENTH.               1 

Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice.                         [ 

ams  103 

alms.  51 

autm 

autumn.  56 

ant 

aunt.  106 

authr  96 

author. 

arbr 

arbor. 

bauk 

balk.  51 

arch  92 

arch. 

haul 

ball,  bawl. 

ardr 

ardor. 

bauld 

bald,  bawled. 

ark  28 

arc,  ark. 

baut 

bought.  108,  38 

arm 

arm. 

brand 

broad.  108 

arme 

army.  113 

braut 

brought. 

armr 

armor. 

dau 

daw. 

as 

ass. 

daub 

daub. 

asp 

asp. 

daun 

dawn. 

Sdl04 

add. 

dautr 

daughter.  38 

idr 

adder. 

drau 

draw. 

aft 

aft. 

draul 

drawl. 

ilm 

alum. 

faul 

fall. 

ami 

amel. 

fault 

fault. 

Srst 

arrest. 

faun 

faun,  fawn. 

Ssst  74 

assist. 

faut 

fought.  108 

Stmpt 
atncf 

attempt.  60 
attena. 

flau 

flaw. 

fraud 

fraud. 

Stst 

attest. 

fraut 

fraught.  38 
gawk. 

bal05 

baa. 

gauk 

bam 

balm.  51 

gaul 

gall. 

diint 

daunt.  106 

eauz 
nau 

gauze. 

gant 

gaunt. 

haw. 

^Lh92 

gape, 
haunch. 

hauk 
haul 

hawk, 
hall,  haul. 

bant 

haunt. 

jau 
kau 

jaw. 

jant 

kaf28 

jaunt. 

caw.  28 

calf.  51 

kauk 

calk.  51 

kam 

calm. 

kaul 

call,  caul. 

la 

la. 

kaus 

cause,  caws. 

laf 

laugh.  39 

kaut 

caught.  38 

lanch92 

launch. 

klau 

claw. 

lath 

lath. 

klaus 

clause,  clavrs. 

pam 

palm.  51 

krau 

craw. 

qam 

qualm. 

kraul 

crawl. 

rath 

wrath.  82 

lau 

law. 

sam 

psalm.  60 

laud 

laud. 

saT 

salve. 

laun 

lawn. 

lant 

taunt. 

laurl 

laurel. 

vant 

vaunt. 

mau 

maw. 

aubrn  107 

auburn. 

maul 

maul. 

audt 

audit. 

nau 

gnaw.  38 

audtr 

auditor.- 

naut 

naught,  nought. 

auOT 
auldr 

auger,  augur. 

pau 

paw. 

alder. 

paun 

pawn. 

aurst 

aurist. 

paupr 

pauper. 

aut 

aught,  ought.  38. 

paus 

pause,  paws. 

08 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE 

SEVENTH                 ll 

[CONTiJi  U  E  D.]                                                         II 

^U 

raw. 

joi 

joy. 

raut 

wrought.  82, 108 

join 

join. 

sau 
sault 

saw. ' 
salt. 

ioist 
koi 

joist, 
coy.  28 

saus 

sauce,  saws. 

koil 

coil. 

saut 

sought.  38, 108 

koin 

coin. 

slautr 

slaughter. 

loin 

loin. 

spraul 

sprawl. 

moil 

moil. 

stauk 

stalk.    , 

moist 

moist. 

staul 

stall. 

nois 

noise. 

tau 

taw. 

point 

point. 

tauk 

talk. 

pois 

poise. 

taul 

tall. 

qoit 

quoit. 

taut 

taught.  38 
vault. 

roil 

roil. 

vault 

soil 

soil. 

wauk 

walk.  51 

toi 

toy. 
toil. 

waul 

wall,  waul. 

toil 

wautr 

water. 

void 

void. 

yaul 

yawl. 

vois 

voice.  28 

yaun 

yawn 

bdl20 

odd. 

PbllO 

ebb. 

bfl 

offal. 

fdg 

edge. 

bfnd 

offend. 

eft 

elt 

bfr 

offer. 

?g 

IW: 

bfsr 

officer. 

61 

»kr 

occur.  28 

6lf 

elf. 

bprS 

opera. 

elk 

elk. 

bpfs 121 

oppose. 

elm 

elm. 

bprs 

oppress. 

sis 

ells,  else. 

bptk 

optic.  28. 

Pnd 

end. 

orb 

orb.  120 

?r 

err. 

orbt 

orbit. 

grl 

earl. 

ordl 

ordeal. 

frn 

earn. 

drfn 

orphan.  61 

Kins 

ill. 

orgn 

organ. 

imp 

imp. 

book  123 

book. 

in 

inn. 

boom 

boom. 

inch 

inch. 

boon 

boon. 

ink 

ink. 

boot 

boot. 

istms 

isthmus. 

doom 

doom. 

Itch 

itch. 

food 

food. 

oil  118 

oil. 

fool 

fool. 

oint 

oint. 

hoof 

hoof. 

oir 

oyer. 

hook 

hook. 

,  boi 

boy. 

hoop 

hoop,  whoop.  98, 

boil 

boil. 

hoot 

hoot,  whoot. 

doit 

doit. 

loo 

loo. 

foil 

foil. 

loom 

loom. 

hoi 

hoy. 

loop 

}°"P-    ,. 

hoist 

hoist. 

loos 

loose,  liise. 

SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY. 


69 


EXERCISE   SEVENTH 

[continued.] 


mood 

mooa 

moor 

moot 

moov 

noon 

noos 

pool 

poop 

poor 

rood 

room  124 

roost 

root 

soon 

soop 

soot 

sooth 

too 

tool 

toor 

tooth 

woo 

Odr  126 

ulsr 

Qmbr 

unkl 

tipr 

iirbn  126 

iirchn  92 

iirg 

urn 

ijshr  95 

utmst 

utr 

oul  130 

out 

outr 

bou 

bound 

brou 

broun 

doun 

dour 

doure 

dous 

dout 

droun 

foul 


mood. 

flouns 

moon. 

found 

moor. 

flour 

moot. 

flout 

move. 

froun 

noon. 

goun 

noose. 

gout 

pool. 

groul 

poop. 

ground 

poor. 

grous 

rood. 

hou 

room,  rheum. 

houl 

roost. 

hound 

root. 

hous 

soon. 

loud 

suup.  124 

loung 

soot. 

lour 

sooth, soothe. 

lout 

too,  two. 

mou 

tool. 

mound 

tuur.  124 

mount 

tooth. 

nou 

woo. 

noun 

udder. 

poudr 

ulcer. 

pound 

umber. 

pouns 

uncle.  28 

pour 

upper. 

pout 

urban. 

plou 

urchin. 

prou 

urge. 

proud 

urn. 

proul 

usher. 

rou 

utmost. 

round 

utter. 

rous 

owl. 

rout 

out. 

sou 

outer. 

sound 

bough,  bow. 

sour 

bound. 

south  96 

brow. 

spous 

brown. 

spout 

down. 

sprout 

dower. 

stout 

dowry.  113 

toun 

dowse. 

tour 

doubt.  25 

trout 

drown. 

vou 

foul,  fowl. 

wound 

flounce. 

found. 

flour,  flower. 

flout. 

frown. 

gown. 

gout. 

growl. 

ground. 

grouse. 

now. 

howl. 

hound. 

house. 

loud. 

lounge 

lower. 

lout. 

mow. 

mound. 

mount. 

now. 

noun. 

powder. 

pound. 

pounce. 

power. 

pout. 

plough,  plow. 

prow. 

proud. 

prowl. 

row. 

round. 

rouse. 

rout,  route. 

sow. 

sound. 

sour. 

south. 

spouse. 

spout. 

sprout. 

stout. 

town. 

tower. 

trout. 

vow. 

wound. 


70  A  COEPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


APPLICATION  OF  THE  ALPHABETICAL  CHARAC- 
TERS WHEN  WRITTEN  SINGLY. 

131.  It  will  be  observed  on  examination 
of  the  three  subsequent  pages,  that  each  of 
the  alphabetical  characters  has  been  as- 
signed to  express  a  few  words  of  frequent 
occurrence,  of  which  it  forms  the  initial  or 
most  prominent  sound ;  for  instance,  b  stands 
for  be  and  been ;  d  for  do,  does  and  done ;  m 
for  am,  me,  my  and  m,ay;  &c.  It  will  be 
necessary  to  acquire  the  utmost  familiarity 
with  the  w^ords  thus  expressed,  so  as  to  be 
able,  on  hearing  any  of  them  spoken,  to  ap- 
ply the  proper  character  without  the  least 
hesitation. 

132.  It  is  probable  that  this  application 
of  the  characters  may,  at  first,  strike  the  stu- 
dent somewhat  unfavorably,  as  being  likely 
to  produce  confusion  and  render  the  reading 
of  Stenographic  manuscript  extremely  dif- 
ficult :  such,  however,  will  not  prove  to  be 
the  case,  as  in  deciphering,  the  context  will 
always  point  out  the  words  they  were  in- 
tended to  express ;  which  the  following  ex- 
amples will  serve  to  illustrate : 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGBAPHT.  71 

1°  lions  roar.  1°  bird:^].  fly.£  shiph".  sailed. 

The  Tbe  wiU  J      The  X     hive 

This  book   S?  mine,     f^    own  this  house. 

ua  W  ould 

Tliese  .sheep  belong  «^  jj  James  must  1^^  ^^ 
school,     r'ou  sister  '"h  return  soon.     Content- 

Your  will 

ment  makes  «  poor  man  rich.     Death  "  but 

the    IT  us 

:„y  step  ;g  reaches  «^  eternity.  Expedition 
b  «^  life  Sd  soul  ^7  business.  Chastity,  mod- 
esty Sd  humility  ^°  amiable  r^j^^  &c. 

PROPER    NAMES. 

133.  The  names  of  persons,  places,  «S;c., 
must  be  distinguished  from  other  words  by 
having  a  mark  thus  n  (the  grave  accent,) 
placed  over  them.  Examples,  ^Y^  Milton, 
\\  Pope,  ,Xviy  Manchester,  yjju  New  York. 

134.  It  will  generally  be  sufficient  to  write 
the  initial  or  leading  sound  of  any  sacred 
term,  such  as  Lord,  God,  Jehovah,  Redeemer, 
&c.,  but  they  must  always  be  distinguished 
by  placing  a  mark  thus  /  (the  acute  ac- 
cent) over  them.  Examples,  ^  Lord,  ^ 
God,   CN  Almighty,  &c. 


72 


A  COMPLETE  CriDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE   VIII. 

The  consonants  and  the  words  they  denote  when  standing 
alone. 


135 
136 
137 

.  138 
139 
140 
141 

'  142 
143 
144 
145 
146 
147 
148 

i  149 
150 
151 
152 
153 
154 
155 
156 
157 
158 
159 
160 


B 

c 

D 

/ 

F' 

e 

Fa 

5 

G 

^ 

H' 

r^ 

H^ 

\y 

J 

^ 

K> 

6^ 

K" 

<ij 

L 

) 

M 

r\ 

N 

N^ 

P 

\ 

a 

1 

R 

^ 

s 

1 

T 

— 

V' 

c 

ya 

0 

W 

o 

W2 

^ 

X» 

^N 

Xa 

"^ 

Y 

7 

Z 

/* 

Be,  been. 

Do,  does,  done. 

For,  of. 

From,  if. 

Go,  goes,  gone. 

Has,  hast,  have. 

He,  had,  hadst. 

Jud^e,  just. 

Can,  canst,  know,  knows. 

Could,  couldst.  knew,  known, 

All,  like,  likes. 

Am,  me  my,  may. 

In,  on,  not,  no. 

Praise,  pray,  prayer. 

Quite,  quiet,  quantity. 

Are,  art,  or. 

As,  is,  us. 

To,  at,  the. 

Very,  verily. 

Virtue,  virtuous. 

Was,  with,  will. 

We,  were,  woidd. 

Exceed,  except. 

Expect,  example. 

Ye,  you,  your,  yours. 

Zeal,  zealot,  zealous. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY. 


73 


EXERCISE   IX. 

The  vowels  and  diphthongs,  and  the  words  they  denote  when 
standing  alone. 


161 

A' 

'I 

162 

A2 

P 

163 

A 

°i 

164 

1 

P 

165 

Au» 

Os 

166 

Au2 

^ 

167 

E' 

o\ 

168 

e:^ 

<Js 

169 

V 

0— 

170 

h 

0— 

171 

Oi> 

cr 

172 

012 

Q_ 

173 

0 

o/ 

174 

6 

^ 

175 

Oo' 

c/ 

176 

Oo2 

6 

177 

c 

7 

178 

tJ 

/« 

179 

Ou» 

9 

180 

Ou2 

/O 

-4,  awy. 

Again,  against. 

Ah,  ay,  aye. 

Among,  amongst. 

Awe,  alway,  always. 

Also,  although. 

Even,  evil,  evils. 

Ever,  every. 

I,  eye,  eyes. 

It,  its,  itself. 

Destroy,  destroys. 

Employ,  employs. 

O,  oh,  owe,  only. 

Off,  oft,  often. 

Who,  whom,  whose. 

Other,  others,  otherwise. 

Usual,  usually,  usualness. 

Up,  upon. 

Hour,  hours,  hourly. 

Our,  ours,  ourselves. 


n 


A  COJEPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE    TENTH. 

The  double  consonants,  and  the  words  they  denote  when 
standing  alone. 


181  ;  Ch 

182  !  Sh^ 

183  j  Sh2 

184  i  Th 

185  I  Wh 


</ 


Much,  such. 
Shall,  shall. 
Should,  shouldst. 
Thee,  they,  that. 
Why,  which. 


Marks  of  Abbreviation,  Punctuatiow,  &c. 


186 

187 

X 

188 

? 

189 

/ 

190 

: 

191 

5 

192 

J 

193 

)) 

194 

•)•)•> 

195 

^ 

196 

1- 

197 

+ 

198 

u. 

199 

1  1-  Tl 

200 

<.'.      » 

c 

)  s 

S 
o 

.3 


An,  and. 

A  period. 

Note  of  interrogation 

Note  of  exclamation. 

A  colon. 

A  semicolon. 

A  comma. 

A  dash.  ( — ) 

A  colon  and  dash.  (: — ) 

Et  ccBtera,  ect.,  (^c. 

Videlicet,  viz.,  namely. 

Id  est,  i.  e.,  that  is. 

Ditto. 

Marks  of  Reference,for  marginal 

notes,  ^c. 
Quotations,  must  be  distinguished 

as  in  common  loriting. 


SCIENCE   OF   STENOGRAPHY.  75 


SPECIMEN  I. 


The  Lord  is  good  to  all.  Trust  in  the  Lord 
and  do  good.  In  thee,  O  Lord,  do  I  put  my 
trust.     If  God  he  for  us  who  can  he  against 

"V,  '■ 

us  ?  I  ivill  sing  praise  to  thy  name  O  thou 
Most  High.  5y  ^^'*  fsar  q/"  /Ae  i>or<Z  men 
depart  /row  euiZ.      Turn    thou    me    and   I 

sAaW  6e  turned,  for   thou  ar^  ^Ae  Lord  my 

/     c       -^  ,    e     -7^   /    -       D       ^ 

6roc?.     /  ?<7i7Z  praise  the    name    q/"  ;Ae  Z/ort^. 

^x<T-C^      \       -      ^^e-      Dx 

Help  us  O  Lord,  our  God,  for  we  rest  on 
^-^    1     ^       i       ^       '-  ,     <^    ^  ^^   ^ 

thee.      So  shall  loe    ever   he    with   the  Lord. 


76  A  COHIPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  XI. 

Note. — In  order  that  the  student  may  not  be  led  to  make  any  un- 
necessary movements  of  the  pen,  in  writing  this  and  some  ol'  the  sub- 
sequent  exercises,  the  Author  has  inserted  under  each  word  repre- 
sented by  a  single  character  of  the  Slenographical  Alphabet,  the 
same  printed  in  Italic,  together  with  the  method  of  spelling  those 
words  which  are  not  expressed  in  the  manner  described. 

As  thy   days,  so  shall  thy  strength    be.     Hold 
As  thi    das,    so  shall  thi  strngth      be.     Hold 

thou  me  up,  and  I  shall  be  safe.     Ijord  increase 
thou  me  up,  and  I  shall  be  sf.        Lord  n-kres 

our  faith.      All   things   are  yours.     He  will  keep 
our  fath.       All   thngs    are  yours.    He  will  kep 

the  feet  of  his  saints.     Though  he  slay  me,  yet 
the   fet    of  hs    sants.     Tho        he  sla    me,  yt 

will  I  trust  in  him.     He  shall  deliver  thee  from  all 
will  /trst   in  hm.     He  shall  dlvr      thee  from  all 

evil.     Thou  Lord,  hast  not  forsaken  them  that  seek 
evil.     Thou  Lord,  hast  not  frskn       tlim    that  sek 

thee.     Show  me  thy  ways,  O  Lord,  teach  me  thy 
thee.     Sh5     me  thi  was,     O  Lord,  tech  me  thi 

paths.     Except  a  man  be  born  again,  he  can  not 
pths.       Except  a  mn    be  brn    again,  he  can  not 

see  the  kingdom  of  God.     Blessed  are  the  pure  in 
se   the  kngdm     of  God.     Blsd       are  the  piir  in 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  77 

heart,  for  they  shall  see  God.     We  which  have 
hrt,     for   they  shall  se    God.      We  which  have 

believed,  do  enter  into  rest.     If  we  say  that  we  have 
believed^  do  ntr     nlo    rst.      If  we  sa  that  we  have 

not  sinned,  we  make  him  a  liar,  and  his  word  is 
not  snd,       we  mk      hm   a  lir,     and  hs   virrd  is 

not  in  us.     Hold  that  fast  which  thou  hast,  that  no 
not  in  us.     Hold  that  fst  which  thou  hast,  that  no 

man  take  thy  crown.     The  Lord  is  my  defence,  and 
mn    tk     thi  kroun.     The  Lord  is  my  dfns,      and 

my  God  is  the  rock  of  my  refuge.     In  God  have  I 
my  God  is  the  rk      of  my  rfug.        In  God  have  I 

put  my  trust,  I  will  not  be  afraid  what  man  can  do 
pt    my  trst,    /  will  not  be  afrad   wht   mn    can  do 

unto  me.     Fight  the  good  fight  of  faith,  lay  hold  on 
nt5    me.     Fit       the  gd     fit      of  fath,  la  hold  on 

eternal  life.    Heal  me,  O  Lord,  and  I  shall  be  healed ; 
etrnl     llf.     Hel  we,  OLord,  and  I  shall  be  held  ; 

save  me  and  I  shall  be  saved ;  for  thou  art  my  praise, 
sv     me  and  I  shall  be  svd ;    for  thou  art  my  praise. 

The  meek  shall  increase  their  joy  in  the  Lord.   The 
The  mek   shall  n-kres    thr    joi  in  the  Lord.    The 

Lord  of  hosts  is  with  us,  the  God  of  Jacob  is  our 
Lord  of  hosts  is  with  us,  the  God  of  Jakb   is  our 

refuge.     I  wait  for  the  Lord,  my  soul  doth  wait  and 
rfug.         I  wax  for  the  Lord,  my  so\    dth   wat  and 

7* 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


in  his  word  do  I  hope.     My  yoke  is  easy  and  my 
in  hs   wrd    do  I  hop.      My  yok.    is  q-sq  and  my 

burden  is  light.     Fear  not  for  I  have  redeemed  thee ; 
brdn     is  lit.        Fer  wo^,/or//iave  re-dmd     thee;- 

1  have  called  thee  by  thy  name,  thou  art  mine.    So 
I  have  kauld  thee  bi  thi   nm,      thou  art  min.      So 

run  that  ye  may  obtain.     The  needy  shall  not  ahvay 
rn  that  ye  may  obtn.        The  nede  shall  not  alway 

be  forgotten.     The  Lord  is  my  rock,  and  my  fortress, 
he  frgtn.  The  Lord  is  my  rk,    and  my  fi-trs, 

and  my  deliverer.     Teach  me  thy  way,  O  Lord,  and 
and  my  dlvrr.  Tech  me  thi  wa,  O  Lord,  and 

lead  me  in  a  plain  path.     Hide  not  thy  face  far  from 
led  me  in  a  plan  pth.      Hid  not  thi  fas  fr  from 

me,  put  not  thy  servant  away  in  anger.     This  God 
wie,  pt    not  thi   srvnt    awa    in  ngr.        Ths  God 

is  our  God,  he  will  be  our  guide,  even  unto  death, 
is  our  God,  he  will  be  our  ^d,      eveii  nto    dth. 

The  just  shall  live  by  faith.     Thy  vows  are  upon 
The  just  shall  Iv     bi  f  ath.      Thi  vous  are  uyon 

me,  O  God;    I  will  render  praises  unto  thee  ;  for 
me,  O  God ;    I  will  rndr      prass      nto     thee ;  for 

thou  hast  delivered  my  soul  from  death.     O  bless 
thou  hast  dlvrd        my  sol    from  dth.         O  bis 

our  God,  ye  people,  and  make  the  voice  of  his  praise 
our  God,  ye  ppl,      and  mk      the  vois   of  hs  praise 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  79 

to  be  heard.     Come  and  hear,  all  ye  that  fear  God, 
to  be  hrd    .     Km     and  hgr,   all  ye  that  fer    God, 

and  I  will  declare  what  he  hath  done  for  my  soul. 
and  I  will  A]/i\x  '    wht    Ae  hth    done  for  my  sol. 

O  God,  be  not  far  from  me ;  O  my  God,  make  haste 
O  God,  be  not  fr  from  me;  Omy  God,  mk    hast 

for  my  help.     Hear  my  cry,  O  God,  attend  unto  my 
formyh\\>.      Her  my  kri,  O  G'orf,  atnd    nto   my 

prayer.     Thou  hast  been  a  shelter  for  me,  and  a 
-prayer.    Thou  ha^t  been  a  shitr     for  me,  and  a 

strong  tower  from  the  enemy.     Praise  ye  the  Lord, 
strng    tour  from  the  nme.       Praiseye  the  Lord, 

O  my  soul,  and  forget  not  all  his  benefits.     The 
O  my  s5l     and  frgt     not  all  hs    bnfts.         The 

Lord  is  my  shepherd,  I  shall  not  want.    Blessed  be 
Lord  is  my  shphrd,     /  shall  not  wnt.       Blsd       be 

God,  who  hath  not  turned  away  my  prayer,  nor  his 
God,  who  hth   not  trnd     awa    my  prayer,  nr  hs 

mercy  from  me.     Save  thy  people,  and  bless  them, 
mrse  from  me.     Sv     thi  ppl,       and  bis     thm, 

and  lift  them  up  for  ever.    Forsake  me  not,  O  Lord ; 
and  \ft  thm  up  for  ever.    Frsk       m,e  not,  O  Lord; 

O  my  God,  be  not  far  from  me.     Be  pleased,  O  Lord, 
O  my  God,  be  not  fr  from  me.     Be  plesd,    O  Lord, 

to  deliver  me.   Hearken  unto  the  voice  of  my  cry. 
to  dlvr      me.   Hrkn       nto    the  vois    of  my  kri. 


80 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  TWELFTH. 

The  consonant  characters  with  a  short  cross  line,  and  the  words 
they  denote  when  standing  alone. 


201 

B 

< 

202 

D 

•f- 

203 

p. 

< 

204 

pa 

9- 

205 

G 

4- 

206 

H' 

^ 

207 

H« 

^-V 

208 

J 

c4- 

209 

K' 

cK 

210 

K^ 

V 

211 

L 

> 

212 

M 

M 

213 

N 

v 

214 

P 

\ 

215 

a 

\ 

216 

R 

t 

217 

s 

+ 

218 

T 

•4- 

219 

V 

-€ 

220 

V2 

> 

221 

w 

c^ 

222  W2 

V 

223  X' 

% 

224  X= 

V 

225  Y 

-^ 

226 

iz 

v^ 

Between,  betwixt. 
Divide  -d-er-ing-divisiofi,  4*c. 
Facetious  -ly,  facetiousness. 
Father,  fatherly. 
Glory,  glorious-ly-glorify-cation. 
Heaven,  heavenly,  heavenward. 
Holy,  holily,  holiness. 
Judicatory,  judicature,  judiciary. 
Knowledge,  knowing,  knowingly. 
Acknowledge  -d-ing-ment. 
Love,  loved,  lover,  loves,  loving. 
Might  -ily-ness,  mighty. 
Natural  -ly-ize-izing-ization. 
Peace  -able-ableness-ably-ful,  <^*c. 
Question  -able-ary-ed-er. 
Rational  -e-ist-ity-ly. 
Spirit  -ed,  spiritual-ly-ity-ize. 
Testify  -ed-er-cation,  testimony. 
Valid,  validity,  validly. 
Viciate  -d-ing,  vitiate,  vitiation. 
Workman  -like-ly-ship,  6^c. 
Worship  -ed-er-fal-fully-ing. 
Exaggerate,  exaggeration,  ^c. 
Executive,  execvtor-ship-y,  <^c. 
Young  -er-est-ish-ling-ly-ster. 
Zodiac,  zodiacal. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY. 


81 


EXERCISE  THIRTEENTH.              | 

The  vowel  and  diphthongal  characters  with  a  short  cross  line, 

and  the  words  they  denote  when  standing  alone. 

227 

A' 

^ 

Alien  -ability-able-aie-ation,  S^c. 

228 

A2 

-? 

Agency,  agent,  agentship. 

229 

A 

% 

Altern  -ate-ately-ation-ative,  4*c. 

230 

A 

^ 

Accept  -able-ance-ation-ed-er-ing 

231 

All' 

^ 

Auspice,  auspicious-ly-ness,  ^c. 

232 

Au2 

^ 

Author-ity-itative-ize-ization,(^c. 

233 

E 

% 

Equivocal  -ly-ness-equivocate,  ^c. 

234 

E 

^ 

Especial,  especially. 

235 

I 

c+ 

Irascibility,  irascible-ness. 

236 

I 

M- 

Immediate,  immediately. 

237 

Oi> 

crf 

Appoint  -able-ance-ed-er-ing. 

238 

Oi2 

QL4- 

Avoid-able-ance-ed-er-ing. 

239 

0 

^ 

Origin-al-ally-ality-ate-ation. 

240 

0 

2^ 

Official-ly,  officiate,  officiotts-ly. 

241 

Oo' 

c/ 

Whomsoever,  whosoever. 

242 

Oo2 

^ 

Ooze,  oozed,  oozing,  oozy. 

243 

u 

72 

Universe,  universal-ly-ity,  Sfc. 

244 

u 

y? 

Upright,  uprightly,  uprightness. 

245 

Ou' 

^ 

Outlaw,  outlawing,  outlawlery. 

246 

Ou2 

-P 

Outrage  -ous-ously-otisness. 

S2 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  FOURTEENTH. 

Natural  Contractions  for  words  and  parts  of  sentences  of  frequent 
occurrence,  which,  like  the  preceding  Arbitrary  Signs,  may  be 
used  or  not,  as  the  writer  thinks  proper. 


247 

a 

248 

a — 

249 

.® 

250 

1 

251 

o   1 

252 

oo 

253 

o 
o 

254 

_c 

255 

-D 

256 

_£> 

257 

-o 

258 

l- 

259 

H 

260 

€ 

261 

< 

262 

c 

263 

) 

264 

^T^ 

265 

€\ 

266 

.  II 

267 

III 

268 

— 

269 

-    1 

Alone. 
Along. 
About. 
Around. 
Otie,  ones,  once. 
One  after  the  other. 
One  upon  another. 
Over,  o'er. 
Under. 
Above. 

Below,  beneath. 
Fore,  foremost. 
After,  aftermost. 
Before,  before-hand. 
Behind,  behind-hand. 
Belief,  believe,  -d,  -ing,  s. 
Large,  let,  long. 
Within. 
Without. 

Together.  t 

Altogether. 

Equal,  equally,  equality. 
Unequal,  -ly,  -ness,  inequality. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGEAFHT. 


83 


EXERCISE  FOURTEENTH. 

[continued.] 

270 

> 

Major,  majority. 

271 

< 

Minor,  minority. 

272 

r 

Angle,,  angular,  -ity,  -ness. 

273 

A 

Triangle,  triangular. 

zTA 

X 

Contrary,  contrariety,  S^c. 

275 

0 

Nothing,  nobody. 

276 

0 

Something,  somebody. 

277 

B 

Through. 

278 

■9- 

Throughout. 

279 

0 

Earth,  earthly,  earthliness. 

280 

o 

World,  worldly,  worldliness. 

281 

G 

The  beginning  of  the  world. 

282 

D 

The  end  of  the  world. 

283 

© 

In  the  world. 

284 

6 

The  eyes  of  the  world. 

•285 

6 

Upon  the  world. 

286 

o 

High  or  up  in  the  world. 

287 

o 

Low  or  down  in  the  world. 

288 

-e 

Entering  or  coming  into  the  world. 

289 

0- 

Leaving  or  going  out  of  the  world. 

290 

e 

Through  the  world. 

291 

o 

The  foundation  of  the  world. 

292 

® 

Christ  came  into  the  icorld. 

293 

t 

Christ,  Chrisfs. 

294 

1 

t 

Christian,  Christianity. 

295 

X 

Crucify,  crucifix,  crucifixion. 

296 

^  $ 

Sacrifice,  -d,  -r,  (Sfc. 

84  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

REPETITION  OF  WORDS  AND  SENTENCES. 

297.  A  dash  thus  drawn  under  a 

word   or   sentence,  denotes  an  immediate 
repetition  of  the  same.  Examples,   ^  Lord^ 

Lord.         -^  ^       Turn    2/e,    tum-ye.  "^    ^   ~    ^   >^ 

Praise  ye  the  Lord.       Praise-ye-the-Lord,  «&c. 

298.  When  a  word  is  repeated  three 
times,  write  it  once  by  its  proper  character 
or  characters,  then  draw  two  dashes  imme- 
diately under  the  same,  as  in  the  following 
examples.    !:j^  Glory ^   glory,  glory.     ^   Holy, 

holy,  holy,  &C. 

299.  When  a  preposition  or  conjunction 
intervences,  the  repetition  together  with  the 
preposition  or   conjunction    is  denoted  by 

placing  a  mark  thus :-   under  the  word 

so  repeated.      Examples,     \^  Ever    and-ever. 
~  ^^    The  Lord  of-iords,  &c. 

300.  If  part  of  a  sentence  is  to  be  repeat- 
ed after  something  else  has  occurred,  make 

a  mark  thus     c under  the  words  to  be 

repeated,  and  place  a  caret  (a)  where  they 
must  be  read  again ;  as  v-r  <^  0\  «r-  \  ^  r^, 

^^  —  D  A  ^     In  God  will  I  praise  his  word, 

in    the  Lord    wlU-I-praise-his-word. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  85 

WORDS  OF  CONTRARY  SIGNIFICATION. 

301.  An  oblique  line  thus ,  /  when  placed 
immediately  after  a  word,  expresses  an- 
other word  of  opposite  meaning  preceded 
by  and,  to,  or  till,  as  in  the  following  ex- 
amples.      "-7/  Good    and-bad,      ^Z  Day    and-night, 

5  3 — /  From  light  to-dark.      5  r^/^/  From 
morn  tiii-night,    &c. 

302.  An  oblique  line,  with  a  curve  to  the 
right,  thus  /"  is  used  to  express  a  word  of 
opposite  meaning,  joined  with  the  former 
by  the  conjunction  or.  Examples,  r\-f  High 

or-low ;       yf    Rich  or-poor,  &C. 

303.  When  a  word  is  followed  by  an- 
other of  contrary  signification  without  a 
preposition  or  conjunction  intervening,  write 
the  first  word  in  the  usual  way,  then  ex- 
press the  antithesis  by  a  mark  thus  /  as  in 
the  following  examples,  '"^-^  .  >/^  Men, 
womeH,  and  children ;    Life,  death,  and  eternity. 

304.  The  negative  particles,  dis,  il,  im, 
in,  ir,  un,  &c.,  may  be  represented  by  an 
oblique  line  placed  before  the  remainder  of 
the  word.  Examples,  /^"^^  c?is- member ;  IJN 
/-A-  dis-trust ;  /<n  wn-even ;  /v  U7i- 
natural,  -ly ;     /\[_  wn-expressed,  &c. 

8 


86 


A  COMPLETE  GUrDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE    FIFTEENTH. 

Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice. 


Lord,  Lord.  297 
My  God.    My-God. 
My  Father.    My  Father. 
Turn  ye,  turn-yt. 
Verily,  153  verily. 
■Welcome,  welcnne. 
Hark!  Hark! 
Hush  I  Hush! 
Glory,  205  glory, -glory. ^iS^ 
Holy,  207  holy, -holy. 
Amen,  and- Amen  299 
Again,  162  and-again. 
Ever  168  and-ever. 
By  and-by. 
Beiier  and-better. 
Worse  andtoorse. 
More  and-more. 
Less  and-less. 
Round  and-round. 
Longer  and-longer. 
Shorter  and-shorter. 
Broader  and-broader. 
Larger  and-larger. 
Higlier  and-higher. 
Lower  and- lower. 
Harder  and-harder. 
Softer  and-softer. 
Darker  and-darker. 
Lighter  and- lighter. 
Farther  and-farther. 
Nearer  and-nearer. 
Richer  and-richer. 
Poorer  and  poorer. 
The  God  of-gods. 
The  Lord  qf-lords. 
The  King  ofkings. 
For  ever  168  and-ever. 
From  hour  179  to-hour. 
From  day  to-day. 
From  week  to-week. 
From  month  to-month. 
From  year  to  year. 
From  time  to-time. 
From  town  to  town. 
From  place  to-place. 
j  From  sport  to-sport. 
From  guest  to-guest. 
•  From  face  to-face. 
j  lYom  hand  to-hand. 
I  From  mouth  to-mmith. 


Heaven  206  and-earth.  301 
Earth  279  and-heaven. 
Day  and-night. 
Light  and  dark. 
Life  and-death. 
Old  and-young. 
Youngand-old. 
Rich  and-poor. 
High  andlote. 
Long  and-short. 
Thick  and-thin. 
Far  and-near. 
To  and  fro. 
Top  and-bottom. 
Up  and-down. 
Here  and-there. 
Summer  and-winter. 
Certain  and- uncertain. 
Father  201  and-mother. 
Brother  and-sister. 
Lady  and-gentleman. 
Men  andwcnnen. 
A  man  and-a-woman. 
The  just  and-the-unjust. 
From  east  to-we»(. 
From  north  to-sottih. 
From  one  to-another. 
Good  oT-bad.  302 
Light  or-dark. 
Fine  or-coarte. 
Long  or-short. 
Strength  ortceofcwes*. 
Truth  or- falsehood. 
Known  or-unknmort. 
This  orthat. 
These  or-those. 
Better  ortrorJe. 
Well  ortH. 
High  or-lote. 
Rich  or-pooT. 
Boy  or-girl. 
Land  or-ieater. 
Over  254  or-Mnd«r. 
Above  256  or-beUno. 
Behind  261  or-before. 
Within  264  orwithout. 
Old  nr-young. 
Young  or-old. 
Men  or-women. 
Ladies  or-gentlemen. 


Dis-&gree.  304 

C!»  allow. 

Dis-annul. 

Dm- array. 

Dia-believe. 

/)/»-embark. 

i)!«-honor. 

Dismount. 

Dismember. 

n-legal: 

/Miberal. 

IMicit. 

/m-moderate. 

/OT-moral. 

Im-mortal. 

/wipolite. 

ftn-pure. 

/n-attenlive. 

in-disposed. 

7n-human. 

/r-regular. 

/r-religion. 

/r-resolute. 

(7n-altcred. 

t^n-awpd, 

Unbent. 

I7ra-blest. 

l/n-bom. 

(/n-buckle. 

l/n-burden. 

t7n-caught. 

(7ra-certain. 

(/nchanged. 

Uncivil. 

l/n-clasp. 

l/n-easy. 

Unfair. 

Unfit. 

Un- fixed. 

Un-furniebed. 

Un  just. 

Un- kind. 

Un-known. 

Un -learned. 

Unmarried. 

Unsafe. 

Un-seen. 

Unsold. 

Untold. 

U«-wortby. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGEATHr.  S7 

EXERCISE  SIXTEENTH. 

FOK  THE  IXA&HES'S  PRACTICE. 

Note. — Those  -words  which  are  printed  in  small  capitals,  are  ex- 
pressed by  Arbitrary  signs  and  Natural  contractions,  introduced  in  the 
12th,  13th  and  14th  Exercises.  Those  printed  in  s.naiuyp*,  must  be 
written  agreeable  to  the  directions  given  in  the  remarks  to  which  the 
numbers  annexed  refer.  With  regard  to  the  rest,  see  note  at  the  com- 
mencement of  Exercise  Eleventh. 

O  Lord,  our  Lord,  how  excellent  is  thy  name  iu 
O  Lord,  our  Lord,  hou  xlnt  is  thi  nm     in 

all  the  earth!  who      hast  set  thy  glory         above 
all  the  earth!  who^"^^  hast  st    thi  glory^Oo  above 

the  heavens.  Through  thee  will  we  push  down 
the  HEAVENS.  Through  tJtee  will  we  psh  doun 
our  enemies :  through  thy  name  will  we  tread 
our  nmes :       through   thi    nm      will  we  trd 

them  under  that  rise  up  against  us.  Be  still,  and 
thm   under  that  ris  up  against  us.    Be  stl,    and 

know  that  I  am  God:  I  will  be  exalted  among  the 
know  that  lam  God:  I  will  be  xltd       among  the 

heathen.  Create  in  me  a  clean  heart,  O  God:  and 
hethn.        Kreat  in  me  a  klen  hrt,      O  God:  and 

renew  a  right  spirit  within  me.  O  Lord  open 
re-nii    a  rit      spirit  within  me.    O  Lord  opn 

thou  my  lips ;  and  my  mouth  shall  show  forth  thy 
thou  m,y  Ips  ;    and  m,y  mouth  shall  sh5     forth  thi 

praise.  Be  thou  exalted,  O  God,  above  the 
praise.      Be  thou   xltd,        O   God,   above     the 


88  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

heavens ;    let    thy  glory    be  above   all  the  earth. 
heavens;  let  thi  glory  he  above  all  the  earth. 

Deliver  me  from  mine  enemies,  O  my  God :  defend 
Dlvr      me  from  m]n   nmes,      O  my  God :  dfnd 

me  from  them  that  rise  up  against    me. 
fne  from  thm     that  ris     2ip  against  me. 

My  God,  my  God,  why  hast  thou  forsaken  me. 
Ml/  God,  my-God,  297    whi  httst  thou     frsku      me. 

Praise  ye  the  Lord :  praise  ye  the  Lord  from  the 
Praise  ye  the  Lord :       praise-ye-the-Lord  297     from  the 

heavens ;    praise   him   in    the    heights.       Peace, 
heavens  ;  praise  hm    in    the    hits.  Peace, 

peace,      to  him  that  is  far  off,  and  to  him  that  is 
peace,  297   fo  hm    that  is  fr    off,  and  ^o  hm  that  is 

near,  saith  the  Lord,  and  1  will  heal  him.     I  will 
ner,    sth     the  Lord,  and  I  will  hel    hm.      I  will 

extol  thee  my  God,  O  King ;  and  I  will  bless  thy 
xtl      thee  my  God,  O  Kng  ;    and  I  ivill  bis       thi 

name  for  ever  and  ever.     Every  day  will  I  bless 
nm     for  ever    and-ever.299     Every  da  will  I  bis 

thee,  and  I  will  praise  thy  name  for  ever  and  ever. 
thee,  and  I  will  praise  ihl  nm    forever  and-ever.299 

I  will  yet  praise  thee  more  and  more.     This  God 
/  will  yt  praise  thee  mor      and-mor.  299     Ths  God 

is  our  God  for  ever  and  ever.     He  will    be  our 
is  our  God  for  ever   and-e\er.  299    He   will  be  our 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  89 

guide,  even  unto  death.     I  will  give  thanks  unto 
gid,      even  nto     dth.         Iwill  gv      thnks    nto 

thy  name  for  ever  and  ever.     Thy  throne,  O  God, 
thi  nm     for  ever  and.eTer.299    Thi  thron,  O  God, 

is  for  ever  and  ever  ;      the  sceptre  of  thy  kingdom 
is  for  ever    and-ever;299     ^^e  sptr       ofihl  kngdm 

is  a  right  sceptre.     The  Lord  will  bless  them  that 
isatii      sptr.  The  Lord  will  bis      thm  that 

fear  him  both  small  and  great.      Our  help  is  in 
fer    hm    bth    smaul  and-great.  301     Our  hip    is  in 

the  name  of  the  Lord,  who  made  heaven  and  earth. 
the  nm     of  the  Lord,  who  mad  heaven  and-eanh-  3oi 

Let  them  praise  the  name  of  the  Lord  ;  for  his 
Let  thm  praise  the  nm      of  the  Lord ;  for  hs 

name  alone    is  excellent,  his  glory    is  above  tlie 
nm     ALONE  is  xlnt,  hs   glory  is  above  M« 

earth     and     heaven.     My   delight  is  in  the  law 

EARTH      and-heavens.  301        My  dlit  is  in   the  lau 

of  the  Lord,  and  in  his  law  do  I  meditate  day  and 
of  the  Lord,  and  in  hs  lau  do  /mditat      da    and- 

night.     When  my  father      and  my  mother  forsake 

Bight.301     Whn     my  Father  and-my-mother  301  frsk 

rae,  then  will  the  Lord  take  me  up. 
mc,  thn    will  the  Lord  tak   me  up. 


90  A  COSIPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

OF  PREFIXES  AND  SUFFIXES.' 

305.  The  Learner  liaving  been  led  by 
progressive  exercises,  from  the  simple  char- 
acters, to  the  writing  of  plain  Scripture 
sentences,  it  will  be  necessary  to  turn  the 
attention  to  the  Prefixes  and  Suffixes,  or 
what  are  more  generally  termed  in  the  lan- 
guage of  Stenographers,  Prepositions  and 
Terminations,  which  are  of  great  import- 
ance in  the  brevity  and  legibility  of  short- 
hand. The  readiest  mode  of  designating 
these  is,  in  some  cases,  to  use  simple  arbi- 
trary signs,  and  in  others,  the  letters  of  the 
stenographic  alphabet,  with  certain  points 
to  be  explained  hereafter. 

PKEPOSITIONS  AND  TERUINATIONS  EXPRESSED  BY  ARBITRARY  SIGNS. 

306.  A  small  circle  thus  °  when  placed 
immediately  over  any  word,  denotes  the 
preposition  over,  as  in  «A  oyer-come,  _^ 
oi?er-take,  &c. 

307.  The  same  character  when  placed 
under  a  word,  denotes  the  preposition  under, 
as  in  ^  under-go,     "^    under-take,  &c. 

308.  Ing,  forming  a  distinct  syllable  at 

•  The  prefixes  and  suffixes,  or  prepositions  and  terminations,  here 
referred  to,  are  such  beginnings  and  endings  of  long  words  as  have 
been  selected  to  suit  the  convenience  of  short  hand  without  regard 
to  their  derivation. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  91 

the  end  of  a  word,  is  represented  by  adding 
a  small  loop  to  the  right  *  of  the  last  point 
in  the  preceding  character,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing examples :  ,^  dy-m^,  ^a^  morn-m^, 
\pass-m^,  &c. 

309.  When  dan,  don,  sion,  tlon,  ceous, 
cious,  or  tious  occurs  at  the  end  of  a  word, 
it  is  expressed  by  adding  a  small  loop  to 
the  last  point  of  the  preceding  character; 
in  all  cases  placing  it  on  the  left  side  of  the 
line,*  as  in  the  following  examples,  '^  na- 
tlon,  ^  mo-tion^  Vs  exemp-tion,  ^  gra- 
cious, ~~^  tena-cious,  &c. 

310.  Cisiorij  sidan,  sition,  are  expressed 
by  adding  a  loop  twice  the  size  of  that  used 
for  sion,  Hon,  &c.  to  the  last  point  of  the 
preceding  character — and  which  may  be 
placed  on  the  left  side  of  the  line,  as  in  the 
following  examples  ^  de-dsion,  c?  mu- 
sidan,     ^  i^o-sition,,  &c. 

311.  Ous,  ously,  and  ousness,  at  the  end 
of  such  words  as  desirous,  pious/?/,  serious- 
ness, &c.,  must  be  expressed  by  adding  a 
loop  twice  the  size  of  that  used  for  ing  to 
the  last  point  of  the  preceding  character ;  in 

•  Note. — In  horizontal  characters,  the  bottom  is  to  be  considered 
the  right  hand  side,  and  the  top  the  left. 


92  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

all  cases  turning  it  on  the  right  side  of  the 
line  as  in  the  following  examples;  *-yjO  gen- 
er-ous,  gener-uasly,  gener-ousness.  v©  pi-ows, 
yL-ously^  &c. 

312.  The  terminations  se//'and  selves,  may 
be  expressed  by  drawing  a  short  s  from  the 
centre  of  the  characters  representing  the 
pronouns,  using  the  first  h  for  her,  and  the 
second  for  him.  Examples,  7  my-self, 
r^  herself,    "^J  himself,  (fee. 

313.  The  terminations  ship  and  ships, 
must  also  be  expressed  by  drawing  a  short 
perpendicular  line  for  s  under  the  characters 
which  may  precede,  as  in  the  following 
examples.  ^\^  author-ship,-^  Mend-ship, 
&c. 

PKEPO8ITION8    AND  TEKMIWATIOKS  EXPEESSED   BY   ALFHABETICAI. 
CHAEACTERS. 

314.  When  a  character  of  the  steno- 
grapic  alphabet  is  intended  to  represent  a 
preposition,  it  must  be  distinguished  by  hav- 
ing a  comma  placed  under  it,  as  in  the  fol- 
lowing examples.  ^  corn-pass,  tC/  trans- 
fer, &c. 

315.  When  a  character  of  the  steno- 
graphic alphabet  is  intended  to  represent  a 
termination,  it   must   be   distinguished  by 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  93 

liaving  a  period  placed  under  it,  as  in  the 
following  examples.  H  en-act,  A   de-mar?c/, 
—xy   to-ward,  (fee. 

316.  When  the  first  character  of  a  word 
is  intended  to  represent  a  preposition,  and 
the  last  a  termination,  a  single  point  must 
be  placed  over  the  word,  instead  of  insert- 
ing a  comma  and  a  period  beneath ;  as  in 
the  following  examples  :      ^'^  agree-ment, 

I     ^  inter-^o-sition,      v^f  pro-mo-tion,     -^ 
trans-form,    &c. 

317.  When  a  learner  has  occasion  to  ex- 
press in  short-hand,  a  word  containing  two 
of  such  terminations  as  have  been  selected, 
the  first  must  be  spelt  according  to  its  sound, 
and  the  last  denoted  by  its  usual  mark, 
placing  the  period  as  in  the  preceding  rules. 
Examples:  ^''^'Vs  com-mand-ment,  ^v^ 
com-menc-ing,   >y  demand-i?i^,  &c. 

118.  When  the  termination  of  a  word 
may  be  expressed  by  any  of  the  before- 
mentioned  characters,  the  plural  and  the 
possessive  case  are  formed  by  converting 
the  point  into  a  short  perpendicular  stroke, 
as  in  the  following  examples.  ^  na-tions, 
na.-iion^s ;  U-o  sentiments,  _^  ^ra?isgres- 
sions  &c. 


f)4 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE   SEVENTEENTH. 

PaEPOsiTioKs  represented  by  Alphabetical  Characters. 


319 

1 

320 

P 

321 

"] 

322 

P 

323 

/ 

324 

«>\ 

325 

«8. 

326 

e 

327 
328 
329 
330 

5 

331 

ff- 

332 

a_ 

333 

e\ 

334 

QJ 

335 

o 

^36 

u 

337 

c/ 

338 

^ 

339 

\ 

340 

/ 

341 

1 

342 

— 

-343 

'N 

ab,  abbre,  abro,  abso. 
advan,  adven,  adver,  advo. 
alle,  alii,  alio,  allu. 
upper,  appre,  appro, 
discom,  discon,  disen,  disi7i. 
elec,  elect,  equi,  equiv. 
effi,  esti,  evi,  ever, 
affec,  affect,  affirm,  affix, 
afflic,  afflict,  afflu,  effec. 
aggra,  aggre,  agree,  agri. 
kept  a,  hyper,  hyster. 
hetero,  hydro,  hypo, 
imper,  impre,  impro, 
incom,  incon,  incor. 
com,  compre,  compri,  compro. 
con,  contra,  contro,  counter, 
magni,  miscon,  misin,  multi. 
enter,  inter,  intra,  intru. 
ob,  obli,  obsti,  omni,  orni, 
obso,  octo,  oppro,  ortho. 
per,  pre,  pri,  pro,  pur. 
recom,  recon,  repre,  repro, 
sub,  subter,  sup,  super, 
temp,  tempt,  tran,  trans, 
exer,  extir,  extra,  expli. 


SCIENCE  OF   STENOGRAPHY. 


95 


EXERCISE   EIGHTEENTH. 

TERjnKATioNS  represented  by  Alphabetical  Characters. 


344 

r  1 

345 

c 

346 

/ 

347 

<N  <l. 

348 

e  3 

349 

c- 

350 

r\Ky 

351 

Q-  r- 

352 

c— 

353 

€\   e; 

354 

) 

355 

r\ 

356 

\^ 

357 

^    </ 

358 

\ 

359 

1 

360 

/ 

361 

1 

362 

363 

CD 

364 

c^^ 

365 

/? 

366 

J 

367 

/ 

368 

\ 

act,-ly,  ally,  ance,  ancy,  ant,  antly. 
hie,  hied,  hleness,  hly,  hility. 
dance,  dant,  dence,  dent,  diet,  duct, 
ence,  ency,  ent,  ently,  est,  eth,  ever, 
feet,  fleet,  flict,  form,  ful,  fully, 
grance,  grant,  graph,  -ic,  guish. 
habit,  hibit,  hend,  hensive,  hood, 
ify,  ity,  ety,  ical,  -ly,  ish,  ism,  ist. 
ject,  jest,  join,  journ,  judge,  just, 
claim,  dine,  elude,  elusive,  count, 
ly,  liness,  lect,  less,  lessly,  logic, 
mand,  mend,  mence,  ment,  m^tal. 
nance,  nant,  nence,  nent,  nect,  ness. 
ody,  ogy,  oly,  omy,  ony,  opy,  ory, 
place,  plete,  plex,  plish,  prove, 
quence,  quent,  -ly,  quest,  quish, 
racy,  ract,  rect,  ranee,  rant,  rupt. 
scribe,  script,  spect,  struct,  suade. 
tinct,  tract,  trict,  trude,  tude,  tnte. 
vail,  vict,  vive,  voke,  volve. 
ward,  wards,  warder,  wardeth. 
sier,  zier,  sure,  surely,  zure. 
tual,  tually,  ture,  teous,  tuous,  -ly. 
cience,  science,  tience,  cient,  tient. 
cial,  sial,  tial,  -ly,  date,  tiate,  -ion. 


96 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE   NINETEENTH. 

EXAMPLES  FOR  THE  LEARNEr'S  PRACTICE. 

over- awe  306, 185 

aid-ing'  308 

glid- ing' 

oiling 

over-hear 

aW-ing 

glow-ing 

ow-ing 

over  bid 

air -ins 

go- ing- 

own-ing 

oper-blow 

\iank-ing 

growing 

paint-ing 

or«r-board 

basting 

guid  ing 

past -ing 

orer  burden 

beam-  ing 

hailing 

piping 

over-cast  28 

beating 

halting 

plat  ing 

o»er-charge  98 

bit- ing 

hear -ing 

playing 

over-come  28 

blast  Ing 

heat-ing 

point- ing 

ooer-draw 

blend  ing 

hen-ing 

post-ing 

1  over-Row 

bless-ing 

hewing 

pounding 

1  oper-grow 

boast- ing 

hid-ing 

pour- ing 

]  oc«r-hang 

buy-ing 

hissing 

praying 

'  over-heax 

call- ing 

hoard-iTig 

prais-ing 

over-heat 

carding 

hon-iTig 

print  t'Tig 

over-joyed 

cas-ing' 

hoping 

rail- ing 

over-lay 

cast-ing 

howl-ing 

read- ing 

orer-Ioad 

clear-ing 

itching 

rearing 

O»er-Iook 

clos -ing 

jarring 

roast-ing 

over-pay 

coast- ing 

iaunt-tng 

sail  ing 

over-powet 

daring' 

jeer-ing 

see-ing 

OBer  reach 

dawn-ing 

jest- ing 

sigh-ing 

over-rule 

din- ing 

join-ing^ 

smiling 

over-run 

do- ing 

keep-ing 

smok-ing 

{  over-see 

dot- ing 

lacing 

soil-ing 

ooer  «ight38 

draw- ing 

lading 

steer-tng 

;  oversleep 

dress  in^ 

last- ing' 

suit-ing 

over-auxk 

dwelling 

laugh-tng 
lay-ing 
lead- ing 
lean  •ing' 
learning 
leas- ing 
leav-ing 

last- ing 

over-sway 
over-take 

earn  ing 
eat- ing 

taunt-ing 
leas  ing 

overtaken 

ebb- ing 

tend-ing 

over-throw 

end  ing 

test-ing 

'■  orer- turn 
oper-wlielra  97 

err- ing 
etching 

tiring 
toiling 

under-bid  306 
under-foot 

fading 
fail  ing^ 

lining 
lisp-ing 

tolling 
turning 

under-go 

faint  ing 
falling 

load- ing 

urging 

under-  grown 

long-ing 

vaunt-ing 

un/ier-hand 

fear- iTig 

lying 

verging 

underlay 
under-mine 

feasting 
feeding' 

march- ing 
meaning 

view-ing 
vot-ing 

unier-ratB 

feeling 

meet- ing 

wait-ing 

undersell 

fighting 

min-ing 

walk- ing 

understand 

firing 

mix-ing 

want- ing 

under-stood 

floating 

mop-ing 

wast- ing 

under-takc 

flow  ing 

mow-ing 

wip-ing 

under-laker 

foam- ing 

nail-ing 

yawn -ing 

und<r-value 

gam-ing 

nois-ing 

yeam-ing 

;  under-went 

giy-ing 

noting 

yell  ing 

under-writer 

glaring 

nurs- ing 

yield-ing 

SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY. 


97 


EXERCISE   NINETEENTH. 

[continue  D.] 

iLC-tion  309 

fallac  ious 

mn-*ician  310 

myself  312 

addi-rton 

gncious 

phy-sician 

thysilf 

admii-iion 

hetbiceoua 

decision 

herself 

ambi  -tion,  tloua 

hesitation 

ia-eision,  in-sitton 

bimseif 

ascen-Wo/i 

impres-sion 

K-ciaion 

itself 

agger  rion 

inser-sion 

po-rition 

ourselves 

aasump-tJon 

inten  -sion,  ■Hon 

depo-sition 

yourselves 

aXtea-tion 

in  va-sion 

disposition 

them  selves 

aXro- ciout 

invita  tion 

exposition 

admiral-sAip  313 

auction 

invention 

impo-rition 

authors/tip 

j  auda-ciot« 

inver-sion 

opposition 

butler-sAip 

'  aversion 

judicious 

* 

suppo-sition 

captain-j/iip 

j  beoedic-rion  ' 

licen-tious 

inqui  sition 

clerk  sAip 

cupti  cioui 

malicious 

rwjui  sition 

consul-sAip 

eapri- c/ou» 

man  sion,men-tion 

ainorotM,  &e., 311 

courl-sftip 
deacon-s/tip 

c&p  tim,  lio'it 

meditation 

ardu-ous  -ly,  -nest 

carnation 

mis-sion 

barbar-ous-iy,-ness 

editor-s/Jip 

cau  -tion,  tious 

mo-tion 

beaute-OMS-?j/,-ness 

eIder-»A(p 

ceasBition 

na-tion 

bounte-ouj  i^i-ness 

factorship 

'  ces-»i9rt,  gci9-»ion 

no-tion 

cancer- Otts 

Cillow-sftip 

\  oohe-iion 

occasion 

copiousii/,-n«ss 

friend  ship 

■  oono-tion 

opprea-sisn 

curi-ou«  ly,  -ness 

general-sAip 

:  deccp-fion 

optician 

dangei- otts-ly,-ness 

guardian-sAip 

•  delu-sion 

ora- tion 

desirous 

hard-sAip 

1  deati  tton 

partition 

devious 

head  s/iip 

!  depression 

pas  tixm 

dati-ous 

heirship 

deser  tion 

pen-siow 

fiiri  OMs  -ly,  -ness 

bonenan-ship 

1  detec-tion 

peti' tion 

geaei- ous  -ly,  -ness 

judgeship 

j  detention 

possession 

hideous  -ly,  -ness 

king  sAip 

1  devo-tion 

pa  tion 

humoroiis  -ly.-ness 

lady-ship 

j  dic-f  ion 

redemp  tion  67 

ingeni-ous  -ly,  -ness 

legate- sAip 

j  delicio^i* 

rela-tion 

invidi-ous  -ly,  -ness 

lord-sAip 

diroen-tion 

remis-sion 

marvelous  -b/,-ness 

master  sAip 

:  diver-sion 

repulsion 

melodi  ous  -ly,  &c. 

members/!ip 

I  divi-ciffn 

resump-tion 

nervous  -ly,  -ness 

mercer- sAip 

1  donation 

retention 

numer  ous  -ly,  &c. 

owner-sAip 

1  edition 

reversion 

obvi  02«  -ly,  -ness 

p)artner- sAip 

i  emer-«ion 

revision 

odi-ous  -ly,  -ness 

rector-sftip 

emis-rion 

saga-eioiM 

pi-ous  -ly 

res<-nt-«/tip 

1  erao-tion 

salacious 

plente-oiM  -ly,-ness 

regislcr-sAip 

1  era-»ion 

salvation 

religious  -ly 

relation-sAip 

excur-»ion 

sedi  tion,  -tUntt 

rigorous  -ly,  -ness 

rogues/lip 

exemp-tion 

spacious 

seri  ous  -ly,  -ness 

seaman -sAip 

1  exer-tion 

suspi -cion, -ciot<« 

studi-ous  ly,  -ness 

senator-s^ip 

1  expansion 

tena- cioas 

tedious  -ly,  -ness 

sergeant-sAip 

I  expedi  -tion,  -tiotu 

termina-tion 

timor-OMS  -ly,  -ness 

son-ship 

explosion 

venera- tion 

ulcer- ous  -ness 

surveyarshtp 

expres-sion 

vexa  -tion,  -tiout 

venom-ous  -ly,  &c 

vicar-sAip 

expulsion 

vina-ceous 

vigorous  -ly,  -ness 

ward  sAip 

extortion 

voca-tion 

wonder-ous  -ly 

warden-sAip 

99  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THI 

EXERCISE  TWENTIETH. 

FOR  THE  learner's  PRACTICE. 

Thou  hast  been  my  help,  leave  we  not^  neither 
forsake  me,  O  God  of  my  salva-^ion.  Let  thy 
mercy,  O  Lord,  he  upon  us,  accoid-ing  as  tee 
hope  m  thee.  The  Lord  is  my  strength  a7td  song, 
mid  he  is  become  m,y  sal  va-tion.  The  fear  of  the 
Lord  is  the  beginn-iw^  of  wisdom.  The  Lord  is 
my  por-tion,  saith  my  soul  ;  therefore  will  I  hope 
in,  him.  I  will  look  unto  the  Lord,  I  will  wait  for 
the  God  of  m,y  salva-tion,  m,y  God  will  hear  me. 
The  Lord  is  my  light  and  m.y  salva-^ion,  whom 
shall  I  fear?  God  is  my  salva-^io7i  and  my 
GLORY  ;  the  rock  of  my  strength  is  in  God.  Let 
yonr  modera-fzo/i  be  known  unto  all  men.  Let 
us  not  be  weary  in  well  doing.  All  the  ends  of 
the  EARTH  shall  see  the  salva-^iow  of  our  God. 
He  only  is  my  rock  and  m,y  salva-/ion.  Thou 
art  my  refuge  and  my  por-^iow.  Show  us  thy 
mercy,  O  Lord,  and  grant  us  thy  salva-^io/i.  Sing 
unto  the  Lord,  bless  his  name,  show  forth  his  sal- 
\'di-tion  from  day  to-day.  O  Lord  God  of  my  salva- 
tion, I  have  cried  day  and-nighi  before  thee.  I  will 
take  the  cup  of  salva-/iow  and  call  upon  the  name 
of  the  Lord.  I  will  walk  before  the  Lord  in  tht 
land  of  the  Mv-ing.  Fiecious  in  the  sight  of  the 
Lord  is  the  death  of  his  saints.  O  praise  the  Lord, 
all  ye  na.-tions;  praise  him  all  ye  people.  My 
heart  is  fixed,  O  God,  my-heart-is-fixed ;  ^3  /  will  sing 
and  give  praise  even  with  my  glory. 


i 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  99 

EXERCISE  TWENTY-FIRST. 

FOR  THE  learner's  PRACTICE. 

HERE  THEN  WE  PART  FOR  EVER. 

Here  then  we  part  for  ever, — i^^ 

Dear  though  thou  once^si  might^i^  be, 
I  would  not  now  endeavor 

To  win  one25i  sigh  from  thee. 
Few  eyes  may  shine  so  bright  as  thine, 

Few  brows  may  he  so  fair. 
But  eye  nor  brow  can  move  me  now 

For  truth  is  want-in^  there. 
Here  then  loe  part  for  ever — 193 

Dear  though  thou  once^oi  might^is  be^ 
I  would  not  now  endeavor 

To  win  one25i  sigh  from  thee. 

The  rose  when  it  is  blighted, 

Lies  wither-iw^  from  that  hoiir,^"^^ 
And  the  fond  heart  when  slighted, 

Will  wither  like  the  flower.  ^ 

No  AFTER  sun  that  beams  upon 

That  rose,  can  bloom  impart ; 
No  after257  love2ii  can  e'eri02  re-moves'^ 

The  canker  fro7n  that  heart. 
Here  then  we  part  for  ever — 193 

Dear  though  thou  once^^i  might^is  6e, 
/  woidd  not  now  endeavor 

To  win  one25i  sigh  from  thee. 

Robert  Sweeny. 


100 


A  C05IFLETE  GT7IDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE    TWENTY-SECOND.       | 

EXAMPLES  FOR  THE  LEARNER's  PRACTICE. 

aftfrre-viale  314 

incom-pact 

con- tent 

pro-cure 

abrogate 

incompetent 

con-test 

produce 

aftso-lute 

inconstant 

con-text 

pro-faoe 

advan-tsige 

incor-poral 

con- tinue 

pro-fcss 

advertise 

C07n-bat 

jnagnify 

pro-gress 

advo-cate 

com-kine 

magni-ier 

pro- long 

aUe-viata 

comfort 

mtscon-ceive 

pro-mote 

aU«-gate 

com-poTt 

mitcon  strue 

provoke 

allo-iium 

com- inerce 

m/»in-fer 

pur-sue 

altu-ier 

comvait 

multi-p\y 

pur-suit 

allusive 

corn-mode 

MttWi-pBer 

purvey 

allu-yinm 

com-mune 

e«/er-prise 

recom-hine 

allu-vion 

com  pact 

enfer-tain 

recommit 

apper-tain 

Cffm-panjr 

jnler-cept 

recom-pact 

apyvobate 

compare 

<n/er-ces8oj 

recom-pensc 

appro-pnaie 

compass 

inter-change 

recom-poso 

ditcommode 

com- pel 

interfeie 

recon-cile 

discompose 

comply 

inler-iace 

reconsider 

discon-cett 

compile 

infer  leave 

recon-vene 

dMcon-solatt! 

com-pose 

inler-line 

recora-vey 

dwcon-tent 

com- press 

in  rer- link 

repre-sent 

discon-tinxie 

co?n-pute 

inrer-lope 

reprobate 

diteng&ge 

con-cave 

inter  lude 

reproduce 

disen-tangle 

eon-ceal 

inter-many 

»u6  lime 

disinter 

conceit 

infer-meddle 

«M6-rait 

di«tn-UiraU 

concern 

inrer-mingle 

»M6fer-fuge 

eZective 

concise 

inter  mil 

subter  ranean 

e/ector 

con  cord 

tnfer-mix 

»wp-ply 

e^uz-distant 

con-cur 

infer-pose 

sup- port 

equipoise 

con-demn 

inrer-sect 

super-add 

tqui-page 

con- dense 

interspace 

»wper-cargo 

equivocal 

con-dole 

iMfer-val 

»Mper-fine 

equiv-ocato 

con-fer 

intervene 

superlative 

i^ec-ted 

con-(em 

inter-view 

temp-er 

affirm-atife 

con- fine 

o&«ti-nate 

temp-oral 

afflicted 

con-firm 

oppor-tune 

tran-quil 

aggra-rate 

eon-fiise 

oppro- hrium 

transcend 

aggregate 

con- fute 

per-chanca 

tranafet 

ogTj-culture 

con-eeal 

per-mit 

traiu-fix 

agri-monr 

con-nive 

pervade 

trans-faae 

Ayper-bole 

con-serve 

pre-face 

trans  grest 

Ayper-critic 

con- sider 

jwe-fet 

trans- kite 

ln/tter-ka.1 

con-sign 

pre-fix 

trans-mit 

hydro-gen 

con-sist 

pre-serve 

trans-mute 

ftydro-mel 

con-sole 

pre- tend 

trans-pire 

/tydro-phaae 

con-spire 

pre-tence 

trons  port 

Aydro-phobia 

om-sult 

pretext 

trans  pose 

Aypo-critical 

con-tain 

pre-vail 

ejrer-cise 

imperative 

on-tumn 

'  pre  vent 

'  It  ir- pate 

incommode 

con  tempt 

1  pri  vale 

ej;pH-c«te 

SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY. 


101 


EXERCISE  TWENTY-THIRD. 

EXAMPLES  FOR  THE  LEAENER's  PRACTICE. 


en-act 

sx-eux 

react 

accotd-ance 

appeal  ance 

bal-ance 

buoy-ancy,  ant 

ded-ance 

gf-ant 

pud-ance 

pli  -ancy,  -ant 

reli-ancfl 

ten-ant 

variance 

vengeance 

a.ble,  a-bly,  Sibilit]/ 

bible 

bab-ble,  bub  ble 

brajn-ble 

csi-ble 

aum-ble 

cuxa.- ble 

dab-ble 

dun.-ble,  -bilUy 

eaX&rble 

fee  -ble,  -bly,  &e. 

%a.bble,  gfibrbU 

gam-ble 

gzx-ble 

grum-ftte 

hum-i/e,  ham-bly 

inm-ble 

lauda-&'« 

laugba-ite 

mm-ftte,  nim-Uy 

paya-6Ze 

plia-6/«, -ness,  p\ia.bility 

porta- i2e,  -nesa 

taxable,  moi-blt 

8tum-i{e 

tarble 

tiem-Me 

tum-6/e 

ar-dent,  -ly 

c&dence 

can  dent 

cre-dence 

defendant 

di&dent 

uDpu-dence,  -dent 


pru  -dence,  dent 
student 
Iri-dent 
verdant 
audi-ence 

dekr-ence,  difier-ene« 
expedi  ence,^  ent 
exist  -ence,  ent 
flu  -ence,  ent 
car  -est,  -etk 
greatest 
happi-e«t 
what-erer 
when  ever 
where  ecer 
af/ect,  at-f,ict 
de-fect,  de-form 
K-Jlect,  ie-form 
aw-ful,  -ly 
baae-ful,  ly 
bash-ZuJ,  -ly 
beauti-/u2,  -ly 
bounti-/u{,  ly 
bliss-ful 
careful,  -ly 
dire  fil,  -ly 
doleful,  -ly 
dread-/MZ,  -ly 
fearful,  -ly 
frif^tful,  -ly 
graceful,  -ly 
erate-ful,  -ly 
bate-/«^  ly 
hope/wZ,  -ly 
hurt-/ui,  -ly 
joyful,  -ly 
manful,  -ly 
mirtiiful,  -ly 
mouroful,  -ly 
painful,  -ly 
plenti-/u2,  ly 
right-ful,  ly 
sinful,-ly 
teaj-ful 
tune-/M/,  -ly 
thought-/MZ,  -ly 
fla-grancy,  -grant 
fra  -grance,  grant 
va  -grancy,  grant 
caU-graphy 


geo  -graphic,  -graphs 

para-graph 

tele  -graph,  -graphic 

aa-guish 

idatinguish 

extinguish 

l&n- guish 

exhibit 

in-habit,  in-hibit 

boy-hood 

child-Aood 

maiden-Aood 

raaa-hood 

vndowhood 

ed-ify 

gtat-ify 

mod-ify 

rect-tfy 

viv-^fy 

cavity 

char-ity 

"gravity 

humil-ity 

real-ity 

Bincer-zty 

eom4cal,  -ly 

con-ical 

ban-ish 

foo\-ish 

vaag-icat 

heroism 

de-ject 

^B-join 

e-ject 

en-join,  inject 

de-claim,  decline 

dis-ctotm,  dis-count 

ex-claim,  exclude 

inclitte,  ia-clude 

bare-ly 

dear ly 

bigb-ly 

Ju8t-{y 

king-iy 

low-iy 

roan-<y 

open-Zy 

part-?y 

quick-Zy 

aing-ly 


102 


A  COMPLETE  GXJIDZ  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  TWENTY-THIRD. 


[continued.] 


lime-ty 

yeaj  ly 

dia7ccr 

o-Uct 

neg-lfCt 

ae-lect 

aim-less 

beam-lat 

caie-lett 

Aovlol-lest 

fear  7m» 

rest  7e«« 

de-mand 

te-tnand 

amend 

aug-ment 

basement 

bat-ment 

defei-meni 

deth-ment 

element 

(et-ment 

&\a-ment 

(o-ment 

fr&g-ment 

garment 

la-ment 

ligatnent 

Uai-ment 

memnient 

moment 

moaa-ment 

mnt-ment 

ornament 

payment 

pediment 

pig-7n<nr 

Tn\-m«u 

tudi-ment 

i&CTament 

tedi-ment 

»eg-ment 

»enli-7nent 

teae-ment 
testament 
txx-meni 
6-nance 
tern  nanx 
I  ippag  -nance,  - 
I  nute  nance 


depo-nent 

emi  -nence,  -nent 

oppo-nent 

perti  -nence,  -nent 

promi -nence,  -nent 

bittet-ness 

brigbt-ne«« 

dark-ne«s 

iair-ne«s 

6t-nets 

gentle-ne«« 

glad-ne«« 

great-nes« 

b&ndi-nesa 

happiness 

heartiness 

just -ness 

kiad-ness 

\ame-ness 

late-ness 

leanness 

loftiness 

mean -n  ess 

quick-ness 

sickness 

tenderness 

mel- odj/ 

mon-ody 

POT-ody 

anai-ogy 

elo-gT/ 

geol-ogy 

monopoly 

ana\.-omy 

ebony 

arm  ory 

iv-ory 

pill-ory 

pri-ory 

accom-plish 

ap-prove 

dia-place,  d'la  prove 

im-ptex,  improve 

fre  -fjuence,  -quent 

sequence,  ae-quent 

be-quest 

Kqrp-tt 

Klrn-qiiish 

yan-quish 


bankrupt, 

cot-rupt,  cot-rect 

direct 

e-rect 

democracy 

piracy 

a-scrtfce 

de-scriie 

dia-ruade 

te-apeci 

alti- tude 

aptitude 

(oititude 

gratitude 

habi  tude 

laaai-tude 

lati  ittde 

longi-tude 

plenitude 

promptitude 

recli-tude 

aolittide 

aeni-tude 

siinili-ttuie 

destitute 

insti- tute 

prosti-tute 

de  tract 

re- tract 

de-volve 

invoke,  in-volve 

alier-ward 

a-tcard 

back-ward 

dov,n-u>ard 

for-tcard 

fro-war  d 

home-ward 

inward,  onward 

out- ward 

re-ward 

tx)-ward  ' 

bra-zier 

gla-zier 

grazier 

clo  sure 

lei-sure 

mea-Jure 

pleasure 

trea  sjire 


a-zure 

sei  zure 

actual,  -ly 

mu-tual,  -ly 

poDc-tuai,  -ly 

capture 

crea-ture 

cal-ture 

depar-fure 

feature 

fix- ture 

ftac-ture 

furni-ture 

future 

join- ture 

June  ture 

lee  ture 

mixture 

nature 

nur  ture 

pasture,  pos-ture 

picture 

rap-ture,  rup  ture 

Scrip- ture 

texture 

tinc-ture 

tor-ture 

ven-ture 

vesture 

courteous 

righ  teous 

ancient,  -b/ 

pa-tience,  pa-tient 

easen-tttU 

Hiian-cial 

jadi-cial 

mar-tial  marshal 

pai-tial 

puten  tiai 

so-cial 

spe-cial 

annun-cuzte,  -ion 

asao-ciate,  -ion 

depre-cwte,  -ion 

emaciate,  -ion 

enun  date,  -ion 

expatiate 

ingra- tiate 

ini-riate,  -ion 

licen  tiate 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHS'. 


103 


EXERCISE  TWENTY-FOURTH. 

EXAMPLES  FOR  THE  LEARNER'S  PRACTICE. 

abhoi-ing  316 

disin-tei-ment 

incom  pati-ble,bly,-binty 

ab-Jea 

elec-tion 

incom-pli  -ance,  -ant 

ab-la-ent 

equinoctial 

incom  pressi  -ble,  -bility 

ab  rap-tion 

ejuj-ponder-nnce,  -ant 

incon  ceiva  ble,  bly 

ab-sconiling 

equiv-a-lence,  -lent 

incon-denaa  -ble,  -bility 

abseatment 

equiv-oca'tion 

incon-form-ity 

ab-sori>-tion 

effi-ca- ciotia 

incon  nec-tion 

abstract 

esti-ma-ble 

incon  ae-quent 

abstract- ing  zn 

esti-ma-lion 

incon-aidexa-  ble,  -nets 

ab-stiac  tion 

esti-va-tion 

incon  axdeta  tion 

ab-B\udity 

affiic-ted-ness 

inron-aiatency,ent,ently 

ab-aatd-ly 

evi-dence,  evi-dent,ly 

incon  sola  -ble,  -bly 

abbre-viat-ing 

evi-ta-ble 

incon  so  -nance,  -nam 

abbre-via-tion 

affect-ation,aMrm-a-tion 

incontesti  -ble,  -bly 

obrogBXing 

affec-led-ly 

incon-ti  -nence,  -nent,  -ly 

abrogation 

affec-tednesa 
affect-ing,  affirm-ing 
affec-tion 

incon-\em-ence.-ent,-ently 

abso-\u-tion 

incow-verti  -ble,  -bility 

abso-nant 

incor-pora-tion 

advertiae-ment 

affective-ly 
affinn-able 

in  cor-rigi-ble,-bler7  ess,  ■  bly 

adver  tiaing 

incorrect,  incor-rupt 

advo-ca-tion 

affirm-ance,  ajffirm-ant 

incor-ntption 

alU-giance 

ajirm-ative-ly 

incorrupt-nets  317 

aUe-\ia.t-ing 

afflict-ing 

comrbat-ant 

aUi-ance 

affile- 1  ion 

C07n-bat-ing 

alloca-tion 

affiic-ti\e-ly,  effec-tive-ly 

com  hina  ble 

allo-cu-tion 

afflu-cnce,  affiu-ent,  -ly 

com-hina-tion 

allusion 

effec-tible 

combin  ing 

allusi\e-neas 

effec-ti\e-nes8 

com-Utrtable,  -blenessi-bly 

apper -tain  in g 

effect-less 

coTn-fort-less 

appre  fiend,  -ed,  -er.  sive 

effec-tual-ly 

command-ant  317 

apprehending  317 

aggra-\a-tion 

com-mand-ment 

appre  hensi-ble 

aggre-gating 

com-men>orable 

apprehension 

aggrega-tion 

com-mcmoration 

approltat-ing 

agreeable,  agree-a-bly 

com-aienc  ment 

appro  bsi-tion 

agree-ing 

commcnc-ing 

discon-cen-ing 

agree-ment 

com-mendation 

dis:on-ii>rm-ity  317 

agri-cnVture 

com-mer-cial 

discon-nect 

hydro-graphic 

com-mmation 

discon  nec-tion  317 

imper-atively 

com-mmgMng 

disconso\a.-tion 

imper-cepti-ble,  -bty 

cow-minu  tion 

discon-tentedly 

imper-fect 

cotn-miaera-ble 

discon-tenled-ness 

imperii-  nence,  nent,  -ly 

com-m\sexa-tion 

discon  tent-ment 

imperlutha-ble 

commission 

discon  tinn-ance 

impre-ca-tion 

com-mit  ment 

disen-camhrance 

imprecision 

com-mixtvre 

disen-gage-ment 

jTOpro- pria  tion 

com-modi-ous,  -ly,  -nut 

diain-cline 

impro-pri-ety 

commodity 

disinfect 

impru-dence  -dent-dently 

com-mona-ble 

disinfection 

incom-modi-ous,  -ly,-nfss 

common-ness 

disin  gena-ous,  ly,  -ness 

inco7ii  para  -ble,  bl 

com-mo  tion 

104 


A  COMPLETE  GTTIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  TWENTY-FOURTH. 

[COHTIHUED.] 

eom-mun-ily 

core  cern  ing 

consola-fion 

cojn  muta  -ble,  -blUty 

con  cem-nient 

con-sol-inff 

co/nmuta-rion 

concea-tion 

con-stella-fion 

eo»i-mu-r«oi 

con-cilia-rio» 

con-stcma-fion 

com-p&ct-ness 

con-cisc-ncM 

con-stitut-t'n? 

com-para  -ble,  -bly 

con-ci»ion 

con-stjturton 

com-pa.t-ing 

con-clitde 

con-8truc-£ion 

com-parti-tion 

con-clu  aion 

con  Bulta-tion 

com-pBXlment 

concoction 

con-summa-fion 

eom-pasa-ing 

conciement 

con-sum  p-rion 

compassion 

con-ciete-nem 

con-tamina  M< 

co»i-pati-  ble,  -bly,  btiUy 

concte-tion 

core-tamina-tion 

com-peUa-6ie 

con- can  ing 

con-tent-ment 

com-pe\\Ation 

con  cas-aion 

con-leeti-ble 

cotn-peW-ing 

con-demna-tfon 

con-testa  Jion 

compendious,  -ly,  -ness 

con-demn-inff 

continua-rion 

com-pensat-ing 

con-dens-ing" 

con  tor  tUm 

eompene&tion 

con-descend-i/ig" 

con-\en-ing 

com-peti  tion 

con-descen  «ion 

eon-veo-tion 

com-pila  tion 

con-dign-n«s« 

con-ven-ant 

com-pile-ment 

con-di-;ion 

con-versa-tion 

com-piain-ant 

con-do]e-7nent 

con-\ersion 

com-p\e-ment 

con-do]- ence 

con-verti-ble 

c<nn-p]e-tion 

eon-do\-ing 
con-fet-ence 

con-voca-tion 

co;n-pli  -ance,  -ant 

con-vuhfion 

compHc&tion 

coK-kning 

contra-diatinc-tion 

com-pWment 

con-tes-sion 

contradiatin-guish 

comply-inff 

con-figura-{ion 

contro-vexsial 

compo-nent 

con-Gne-Tnent 

counter -act 

compoTta-ble 

con-fin  ing 

counter-ar.-tion 

com-poa-ing 

con-fisca-rion 

counter-XiaVanct 

com-po-sition 

confla-ence 
con-fu  sion 
con-fata-ble 

countermand 

COTt-pota  lion 

counter-peM-tion 

com-pressi  -ble,  bUity 

counter-pioiject 

compression 

con-{at3.-tion 

magnifying 

eompalnon 

con-geai-ing 

multi-pUable 

COOT- puncf ion,  -tiotu 

con-gca\-ment 

muUip]ica.-tion 

computa  ble 

conjoin 

multi-pUc-ity 

eom-pat&tton 

con-juac-tion 

muJli-p]y-ing 

eomput-iTig 

con-nect 

miseon  cep-tion 

compre-hend,  -ed,  -tive 

con-xiec-tion 

misconduct 

eompreh:)nd-ing  317 

con-quera-6/e64 

enterprising 

eomprehemi -ble,  -bility 

conniv  anc« 

enter-tam-ing 

compre-hen-Hon 

con-^jest 

enter-tain-ment 

eompro-mia-ing 

con-science 

interced-ing 

eomprn-miting 

con-sciotis  309 

inter  cep-tion 

con-ceala  6/e 

con-B\deration 

inter-ces-sion 

con- cpiil  ment 

con-sign-ment 

inter-cesa  ory 

con-ceaiing 

crm-Bo-ciate 

inter-dude 

,  eon-cep  tion 

con-sola- 6te 

iruerdict 

SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHS'. 


10b 


EXERCISE  TWENTY-FOURTH.         j 

CONTINUED. 

mter-est 

per-miasible 

reeon-duet 

inter-eat-ing 

per-miasion 

reconsideration 

inter-feience 

per-milt-ance 

recon-yey  ing 

interject 

per-mtitation 

repre-hend 

inter-\ocu-tion 

per-secu-tion 

reprehension 

interloca-tion 

persuade 

repre  aenta-tion 

inter  \iic-ent 

per-tinacioua 

reproba-tion 

intermany-ing 

per-tinac-ity 

aub  duction 

intermitt-ent 

per-taihation 

aub-du-ing 

inter-mix- ture 

pertusion 
per\-dsion 

aub-met-aion 

inter  pola-riora 

aub-misaion 

inter-position 

per-vexaion 
pre-cision 

aub-aidence 

inter-pretSi-tion 

aubstantial 

inter-rupt 

aub-Bti-tute 

tnter-mption 

pre-co-cioua 

aub-tract 

intersection 

preemption 

sub-trac-tion 

inter -speT-sion 
inter\en  tion 

pre-tet-ence 
pre-feT-ment 

aub-ver-aion 
aup-pU-ant 

inter-volve 

pre-6x-ing 

aup-poTta-ble 

intro-version 

pre-hension 
presenta-tion 

aup-poeable 

intrusion 

aup-piea-aion 

ob-ject 

presentiment 

aup-puia-tion 

ob-iec-tion 

pre-sam-ing 

temperament 

ob-la.-tion 
obrep-tion 

presupposition 
pse-tend-ing 

tempering 
temp-eat 

Ob  servation 

pretension 

tempta-tion 

Ob  serv-ing 

prevenl-ing 

tempt-ing 

obsession 

pre-ven-tion 

tran-qaiVity 

obstruct 

pro-ba-tion 

trana-act 

ob-stmc-tion 

pro-cuiemerU 

tranaac-tion 

ob-lainable 

pro-curing 

trana-km  ble 

oblain-ment 

prof&n-ity 

trana-fen-ing 

Ob-testa  tion 

profan-iTig 

trana-form 

obtusion 

pro-fesa-ing 

trans  form-ing 

obli-ga.-tion 

pro-feaaion 

trana-fusible 

obli-gaX-ory 

pro-fu-aion 

trana-fuaion 

obli-qaa-tion 

pro-grea-aion 

trana  gieaaion 

obsti-pa-tion 

pro-hibit 

tran-aient 

omni-form 

pro  tec-tion 

transition 

ornithology 

protect  ing 

trana-\a-tion 

appro  bri- oua 

pro-tmction 

trana-Xoca  tion 

ortho-ilox-ly 

provi  aion 

trana-m\aai-ble 

ortho-dox-ness 

pursu-ing 

n  na-miaaion 

perception 

pur-vey-ing 

trana  muta-tion 

per-co]ation 

recom.-menda-b!e 

tranaplant 

percussion 

recom-menda-tion 

trana-p]antation 

per -di- tion 

recom  mis  aion 

trana-poTta  ble 

per-lect-ing 

Tecommit-ment 

tranaportation 

per  Tec-tion 

recom-poaition 

trana-po-aition 

per-igraph 

recon-cU-ing 

trana-uda- tion 

106  ▲  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

EXERCISE  TWENTY-FIFTH. 

FOR  THE  learner's  PRACTICE. 

THE  BEACON-LIGHT. 

Dark-ne55  was  deepen-i??^  o'er  the  seas, 

And  still  the  hulk  drove  on; 
No  sail  to  answer82  to  the  breeze 

Her  masts  and  cordage  gone; 
Gloomy  and  drear  her  course  of  fear, 

Each  look'd  but  for  a  grave, 
When  full  in  sight,  the  beacon-light 

Came  stream-iw^  o'er  the  wave  ! 

Then  wild-/y  rose  the  gladden-iw^  shout 

Of  all  that  hardy  crew — 193 
Bold-Zy  they  put  the  helm  about, 

And  THROUGH  the  surf  they  flew ; 
Storm  was  forgot,  toil  heeded33  not, 

And  loud  the  cheer  they  gave, 
As  full  in  sight,  the  beacon-light 

Came  stream-z?i§"  o'er  the  wave ! 

And  gSii-ly  oft  the  tale  they  told, 

When  they  were  safe  on  shore. 
How  hearts  had  sunk,  and  hope  grown  cold. 

Amid  the  billows'  roar ; 
That  not  a  star  had  shone  afar 

By  its  pale  beam  to  save, 
When  full  i?i  sight,  the  beacon-light 

Came  streara-iw^  o'er  the  wave  ! 


J 


SPCCIMEN 

II 

/•-^^-N     =/  _B    _     -^     , 

^  —  •- '^^  ''cD 

-    .  ^  _  ^e  _  ^ .. 


?    _    o-*t- 


-J' 


O    "1     LV  ^/    V^  (t^ 


sciEircE  or  stenogeapht.  107 

EXERCISE  TWENTY-SIXTH. 

FOR  THE    LEAANER'S  PRACTICE. 

son's    farewell   to   his    mother 
and  departure  from  home. 

■    Mother—/  leave  thy  dwelling. 

Thy  counsel  and  thy  care  : 
With  grief  m?/  heart  is  swelling 

No  more  in  them  to  share  ; 
Nor  hear  that  sweet  voice  speaknt^ 

When  hours  q/"  joy  run  high, 
Nor  meet  that  mild  eye  seeking 

When  sorrow's  touch  comes  nigh. 

Mother — /leave  thy  dwelling, 

And  the  sweet  honr  of  prayer  ; 
With  grief  my  heart  is  swelHn^-, 

No  more  to  meet  thee  there. 
Thy  faith  and  fervor,  pleading 

In  wnspent*"  tones  of  love 
Perchance  my  soul  art  leading 

To  better  hopes  above^ 

Mother — /leave  thy  dwelling 

Oh  !  shall  it  he  for  ever  7 
With  grief  m,y  heart  is  swelling, 

From  thee — from  itiee^  to  sever. 
These  arms,  that  now  enfold  me 

So  closeZy  to  thy  heart, 
These  eyes^  that  now  behold  me, 

From  all— ixomzll^  /part. 

CONN.    OBSERVER. 


108  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

EXERCISE  TWENTY-SEVENTH. 

FOR  THE  LEARKER's  PRACTICE. 

PRAYER. 

While  the  bloom  of  youth  is  o'er  ^  thee, 
While  thy  brow  is  calm  and  fair, 

While  thine  ei/e  sees  bliss  before  «»  thee, 
Greet — oh !  greet  the  gift  of  Pray'r. 

While  thine  heart  wnblent  with  sorrow, 
Dreams  not  yet  of  cold  despair, 

Gladd'ni/?^  in  each  radiant  morrow. 
Turn  thee  to  the  shrine  of  Pray'r. 

When  the-world'^"  is  round  thee  throwing 
Shades  of  sadness  and  of  care, 

Still  with  sweet  reliance  g\o\ving, 
Seek — oh !  seek  the  light  of  Pray'r. 

When  the  touch  of  time  descending, 
Pales  thy  cheek,  and  thins  thine  hair, 

Through'^  this  tear/wZ  valley  wending, 
Aye  he  thine  the  staff  of  Pray'r. 

So  when  from  thy  gaze  retreating. 
Earth  *''  born  visions  fade  in  air, 

May  thy  spirit,  gently  fleettno-. 
Rise  upon  the  wings  of  Pray'r. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  109 

ABBREVIATION    OP    WORDS,    &C. 

369  Many  words  admit  of  being  expressed  by 
their  leading  sound  or  sounds  ;  in  such  cases,  a 
mark  thus  /  should  be  inserted  beneath,  to  denote 
the  same ;  writing  "N^  express — (sive,  siveiy,  sivenes»,  &c. 
— j^  thanks— (give,  giver,  giving,  <fcc.,  as  for  instance, 
Remem — (ber)  my  counsel.  This  do  in  remem, — 
(Uance)  of  me.  Thcsc  Goods  are  now  manufac — 
(tureU)  jjj  tjjis  country.  Questions  of  importance  re- 
quire delib — (erate)  answers,  &c. 

370.  This  method  of  abbreviation  may  also  be 
applied  in  connection  with  prepositions  and  termi- 
nations, as  in  the  following  examples,  ^  nation — 

[aJ,   ilty,  -ize,  -neas,  dec    ^  COmpOSSioil (ate,  -ately,    &C. 

371.  The  names  of  the  several  States  of  the 
Union,  <fcc. — may  be  written  in  Long-hand  with 
their  usual  abbreviations,  as,  N.  Y.  New  York.  R. 
I.  Rhode  Island.  N.  E.  New  England.  U.  S. 
United  States,  &,c. 

COMBINATION     OF    WORDS. 

372.  In  order  to  facilitate  the  process  of  writing 
as  much  as  possible,  the  pronouns  may  be  joined 
with  the  auxilary  verbs.  The  word  let  may  also 
be  joined  with  pronouns^  and  for  the  convenience 
of  joining  the  first  character  representing  h  may  be 
used  for  the  pronoun  Aer,  the  second  for  him,  and 
th  for  them  when  preceded  by  let ; — the  first  h  for 
he,  and  the  first  w  for  we  before  ca/i  and  will. 

10 


110 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 


EXERCISE  TWENTY-EIGHTH. 

EXAMPLES    FOR    THE   LEARNER's    PRACTICE. 


abom filiate,  iaaicly,  inaUiig,  die. 

ariih [metic,-al,-a|]y,   mettcian. 

ATgament [al,  ation,  ative- 

authen flic,  -ally,  -alaesB,  -ate,  &c 

beoef [inience,-icieat 

bencT [oleDce,  -oleot,  -olently. 

benig [nity. 

catho— [lie,  -ism,  -Ise. 

chaxac [ler,  -islic,  -istically,  -ixe,  Ac. 

cofiunisfion [ed,  er,  ing- 

eon-»ciouM (ly,  nesi- 

eoTuthntion [al,  -ily, -irt,  4c. 

Atgen [eracy,  erate,  eratioD,  fte. 

delib [erate,  eralely,cration,  4.e. 

demon [strable,  atrate,  stratioD,  &o. 

denom finate,  inalioD,  inaliTe,  &c. 

eecen [iric,  tricky. 

eccle [siastic,  -al. 

einao-2 — [cipate,  clpation,  &c. 

embel [liih,-ed,-ineDt 

excom — -[municale,-d,  rounication. 

extern [porary,  porize,  ed,  &c. 

exUn-guish [  ment. 

faoat (ic,  -al,  -aUy,  -i»m. 

fantas [tic,  'al,  ally,  -alneis. 

geom (eler,  etrician,  -elry. 

geomet f  rical,  -!y. 

idea [tical,-Dess,  ftc 

ilia [minale,  minating,  &c 

iniag [inable,  inary,  iaaiion,  fte. 

impel [aosity,  anai,  uoasly,  &C' 

iadi|r [nation,  nity,  &0. 

ioexo (rable,  raMy,  rabilily. 

ioher [it,  -able,  -ance,  &c 

ioleg [rity. 

iniem [peranee,  perate,  peraUly,  Ac 

invi; [orate,  oratioo,  &e. 

jarid [ical,-  ly. 

jurisdic [tion,  tional,  tj«. 

jnrtspru [dence,  denttal. 

iegis [late,  Ution,  latire,  &c 

legit [imacy,  imate,  Ac 

lexi [cographer,  cography,  ftc 

luxQ [riance,  riate,  rioas,  Ac. 

raagnan [imoui,  imonaly. 

magnif [iccnce,  icent,  icenlly. 

mechao [ic,  -al,  -ally,  -alness,  ftc 

merch [andiM,  ant,  antahle,  &c 

raelamor [phoee,  -d,  phosti,  ftc 

method [teal,  ically,  ize. 

metro [polimn,  political,  ftc. 

raunif [>c«nce,  icent,  icently. 

nari [graMe,  Rate,  Ration,  ftc. 


necru [uiaucer,  luancy,  luanlic,  ftc. 

Deuiral^— [ize,  izing,  izatiou. 

noroen [clator,  claiure,  clatural. 

uomi (nale,  nation,  natire,  ftc 

nolo (riety,  rious,  rioualy,  fto. 

nolw  ith [standing. 

omnip [otence,  oteut,otent1y, 

opin [ionated,  ionalive,  ftc. 

orbic [ular,  nlarly,  ulate. 

organ (ic,  -ally, -iam, -ite,  ftc. 

porsimo [nieus,  -ly,  Hieas,  ftc. 

panic [ular,  -ly,  -ily, -ize,  ftc. 

pathet [ic,  -ally,  alness. 

penu [riona,  -]y,  -nesa. 

perpet [oaie,  uation,  uily. 

perpen [dicular,  -ity^  -ly,  ftc. 

pracii [cabti,  cabiliiy ,  cal ,  cally,  Ac 

quarrel [some,  aomenesa. 

queriiQo [uioua,  -]y,-ness. 

reani [mate,  raatioa,  ftc 

rebap [lize,  ii»m,  ftc 

recog [nition,  nizable,  ftc 

recipro^ [cal,  cally,  cale,  ftc. 

recrim [inate,  ination,  inator,  ftc. 

regen [erate,  traiion,-d. 

remem [ber,  bering,  brance.  ftc 

revolurion [ary,  er,  ist,  ize,  ftc 

sententious [ly,  ne*s. 

aeques [tered,  trable,  trale,  ftc. 

eignif [icance,  icant,  icanlly,  ftc 

simu [Ule,  lating,  lation. 

Bomnam [bnlation,  buliim,  ftc. 

itahon [al,  ary,  er,  ery. 

sttg (ma,  -lie,  -lize,  ftc. 

slimu [lanl,  late,  latioo,  ftc- 

snccea [aire,  sively,  Eirenesa,  ftc. 

symbol [ic,  ical,  ize. 

system [atic,  atieally,  atise,  izing. 

■yrapa [ihetic,  thetical,  thixe,  tiiy. 

taniol [ogiat,  ogise,  ftc 

tempo [rnry,  rarily,  -rariness,  ftc 

tiran [ic,  -ical,ntxe,  ftc. 

trigo [nometrical,  -nometry. 

usQ (rious,  -ly,  -neas. 

Talela [dinary,  dinarily,  ftc 

Tcnfure [ous,  oiisly,  ooaness. 

Ticto [rious,  riously. 

Tocif [erate,  eraiion,  eroas. 

Tolup [uiary,  tuout,  tnoualy,  Ac. 

roTM.cinu» [ly,  neaa. 

watch [fully,  ftilncaa 

wonder [fnlly,  fulneas. 

Yellow [ish,  ishneaa,  ftc 

youih (folly,  f.ilncai. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY. 


Ill 


EXERCISE  TWENTY-NINTH. 

EXAMPLES    TOR    THE    LEARNER'S    PRACTICE, 


Let-me  372 

Lei-me-be 

Let-me-do 

Let-me-haTe 

Let-her 

Let-ber-be 

Let  her-do 

Let-ber-have 

Let-him 

Lei-bim-be 

Lel-him-do 

Lel-him-haT« 

Lel-UB 

Let-US-be 

Lel-u8-do 

Let-u»-haTe 

Lei-them 

Lel*thera-b« 

Let-them-do 
Lei'Uiein'iiaT« 

I-hare 

]-bave-beea 

I-tiave  done 

I-hdve-had 

i-bad 

I-hHii-been 

I-had-done 

I-had-bad 

He-has 

He-has-been 

He-hasKtoue 

He-has-faad 

He-had 

He-had-been 

He-had-done 

fle-had-had 

We-have 

We-bave-been 

We-haTe-douo 

We-have-had 

We-h  ad-been 

We-had-done 

We-had-had 

They-have 

They-have-been 

Tbey-have-done 

They- have-had 

Tbey-had 

They-had-been 

They-had-done 

They-had-bad 

I-may-be 

I-may-do 

I-may-bave 


l-iQighibe 

I-might-do 

I-inight-baTe 

He-may-be 

He- may-do 

He-may-have 

He-might-be  212 

He-migbi-do 

He-might-faave 

We-may*be 

We-may-do 

Wemay-have 

We-might-be 

Wermighl-do 

We-might-have 

They-may-be 

They- may-do 

They-may-have 

They-might-be 

They-might  do 

They-migbt-have 

I -can -be 

I-can-do 

I-can-have 

I-cou  Id-be 

I-could-do 

I-coutd-hare 

He-can-be 

He-can-do 

He-can-bave 

He-coa  Id-be 

He-could-do 

He-cou  Id-have 

We-can-be 

We-can-do 

We-can-bave 

We-could-be 

We-could-do 

We-coald-have 

They-cau-be 

They-can-do 

They-can-have 

They-could-be 

They-cou  Id-do 

They-could-have 

I-will 

I-w  ill-be 

I-will-do 

I-will-have 


uld 


l-would-be 
l-would-do 
I-would-have 
He-wiU 
He-will-be       &c. 


Lei-iue-ooi 
Let-me-not-be 
Let^ne-Dot-do 
Let-me-not-bave 
Let-her-not 
Let-her-nol-be 
Let-her-not-do 
Let-her-not-have 
Let-hlm-not 
LeL-bim-nol-be 
Let-him-nol-do 
Let-bim-not-bave 
Let-US- not 
Let-us-nol-be 
Let-ns-not-do 
Let-oa-not-have 
Let-them-not 
Let-ihem-not-be 
Let-them-not-do 
Let-tbem-uot-bave 
I-have-not  / 
l-have-nol-been 
I-have-not-done 
I-bave -not-had 
I-bad-not 
J-had- not-been 
I -bad -not-done 
I-h  ad-not-had 
He-has-not 
He-has-not-been 
He-has-not-doue 
He-has-nol-had 
He-had-not 
He-had-not-been 
He-h  ad-not-done 
He-had-not-hud 
We-have-not 
We-have-not-been 
We- h  a  vc-u  o  t-d  o  ne 
We-have -not- had 
We-had-not-been 
We -had- not-done 
We-had-not-had 
They-have-not 
They-have-not-been 
They-have-noudone 
They-have-not-had 
They-had-not 
Tbey-had-nol-been 
They-had-not-done 
They-h  ad- not-had 
l-mity-not-be 
I-may-not-do 
I  I-may-not-hdve 


I-niighL-nD[-be 

I-migbl-nol-do 

I-might-not-huve 

He-may-not-be 

He-may-nol-do 

He-may-not-have 

He-might- not-be 

He-niight-not-do 

He-m  ight-not-have 

We-m  ay -not-be 

We-niay-not-do 

We-may-nol-have 

We-migbi-not-be 

We-might-not-do 

We-might-Dot-havt 

They-raay-not-be 

They-may-not-do 

They-raay-noi-have 

They-mjght-uot-be 

They-might-noi-cio 

They-might-not-have 

I-cau-not-be 

l-can-iiotnio 

I-can-nol-have 

l-could-iiot-be 

I-could-not-do 

I-coiild-not-have 

He-can-not-be 

He-cao-noi-do 

He-can-no  t-have 

He-coulcl-DOt-be 

He-could-not-do 

He-could-not-have 

We-can- not-be 

We-can-not-do 

We-can-not-have 

We-couid-not  be 

We-could-Dot-do 

W  e-co  u  1  d-n  ot-ha  v  e 

They-can-not-be 

They-can-noi-do 

They-can-ootbave 

They-could-not-be 

They-could-not-do 

They-cou  Id-not-have 

I-will-not 

1-wiIl-not.be 

I-will-nol-do 

I-wiU-oot-have 

I.wonld-not 

l-wonld-nol-be 

I-woul(J-not-do 

I-wonld-not-have 

He-will-not 

He-will-nol-be    &c. 


112  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

MISCELLANEOUS    RULES    AND    DIRECTIONS. 

When  the  student  first  endeavors  to  write  after 
a  speaker,  he  must  not  be  discouraged  if  he  finds 
himself  unable  to  keep  pace  with  him.  In  his  early 
attempts  he  will  perhaps  feel  so  confused,  as  to  be 
prevented  from  writing  with  half  the  expedition  of 
which  he  is  really  capable.  It  will  be  in  vain  for 
him  to  expect  that  he  can  preserve  every  word. 
Let  him  be  content,  at  first,  to  take  the  substance 
of  what  is  delivered,  retaining,  as  much  as  possible, " 
whatever  is  peculiar  in  the  phraseology  of  the 
speaker,  and  by  perseverance  and  practice  he  will 
find  himself  able  to  write  more  and  more  fully,  till 
at  length  his  performance  will  be  quite  satisfactory. 

The  pupil  will  find  it  useful,  after  he  has  become 
well  acquainted  with  the  foregoing  rules  and  the 
annexed  specimen  plates,  to  employ  some  friend  to 
read  extracts  on  different  subjects,  very  deliberately, 
while  he  writes  them  down.  This  will  familiarize 
him  to  the  manner  of  following  a  voice,  will  call 
his  acquirements  into  active  exercise,  and  will  les- 
sen the  embarrasments  above  alluded  to. 

It  will  also  facilitate  the  progress  of  the  leamer, 
if,  when  he  casts  his  eye  on  an  unusual  word,  or 
hears  it  spoken  in  company,  he  accustom  himself  to 
consider  how  it  should  be  expressed  in  short  hand. 
This  method  will  greatly  contribute  to  readiness 
and  expedition. 

The  first  word  or  two  of  every  sentence  should 
be  written  very  plain,  so  as  to  leave  them  distinct 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  113 

and  of  an  easy  legibility.  By  this  means  you  will 
secure  connection,  and  render  the  whole  sentence 
easy  to  be  read,  though  much  abbreviated  in  the 
latter  part. 

When  the  learner  at  first  attempts  to  decipher 
what  he  has  written  in  Short-hand,  the  best  way 
is  to  transcribe  it  in  common  hand,  and  when  a 
word  is  not  known  at  first  sight  proceed  to  speak 
each  letter  separately  and  distinctly,  and  then  pro- 
nounce the  whole  together,  and  so  continue  writing 
and  deciphering  till  in  a  short  time,  practice  and 
perseverance  will  make  it  so  completely  easy,  that 
he  will  be  able  to  read  it  without  the  trouble  of 
transcribing. 

The  smaller  the  characters  can  be  written,  with- 
out becoming  indistinct,  the  more  it  will  promote 
expedition. 

An  important  use  to  which  Short-hand  Writing 
may  be  applied  in  Schools,  is  that  of  the  scholars, 
in  classes,  writing  in  it  expeditiously  from  a  tutor's 
or  governess'  dictation  ;  and  afterwards  being  re- 
quired to  produce  the  same  matter  correctly  spelled 
in  fair  writing  from  their  short-hand  manuscript. 

When  great  dispatch  is  requisite,  all  stops,  except 
the  period,  may  be  omitted,  leaving  a  blank,  pro- 
portioned in  size  to  the  length  of  the  pause  required. 

In  taking  down  sermons,  quotations  from  scrip- 
ture frequently  occur.  It  will  be  sufficient  if  a  few 
of  the  first  words  of  these  be  inserted,  as  the  defi- 
ciency can  afterwards  be  supplied  from  memory, 
or  by  consulting  a  concordance. 

10* 


114  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE   TO  THE 

When  a  short  hand  writer  is  employed  to  take 
down  proceedings  in  the  courts  of  law,  and  it  is  of 
consequence  to  report  them  as  nearly  verbatim  as 
possible,  it  is  desirable  to  make  him  previously  ac- 
quainted with  the  matter  in  dispute,  which  is  often 
so  complicated  as  not  to  be  easily  understood.  By 
becoming  master  of  the  case  beforehand,  he  will  be 
in  less  danger  of  falling  into  mistakes,  and  will 
more  readily  comprehend  the  bearing  of  what  is 
said. 

The  Eissistance  of  a  Teacher,  when  it  can  be  ob- 
tained, is  of  great  advantage  in  the  study  of  this  art. 
Men  differ  in  their  genius  and  perceptions,  and 
every  pupil  has  his  own  peculiar  views  and  ideas. 
Difficulties  present  themselves  to  some  minds  which 
never  occur  to  others,  and  which  no  writer  on  the 
subject  can  anticipate.  It  is  impossible,  in  a  public 
treatise,  to  lay  down  the  rules  and  explanations 
adapted  to  the  capacities,  and  satisfactory  to  the 
understanding  of  all  who  may  endeavor  to  learn 
by  it.  A  master,  however,  has  it  in  his  power  to 
give  such  minute  and  personal  instructions  as 
cannot  fail  to  produce  a  beneficial  result.  He  can 
at  once  explain  to  the  student  whatever  seems  ob- 
scure and  ambiguous  ;  he  can  solve  his  difficulties, 
correct  his  mistakes,  assist  his  inventions,  encour- 
age him  in  his  progress,  and  lead  him  on  to  a 
practical  proficiency. 

"Despair  of  nothing  that  you  would  attain, 
Unwearied  diligence  your  point  will  gain." 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  15 

EXERCISE  THIRTIETH. 

FOR  THE  learner's  PRACTICE. 

A  HYMN  OF  THE  VINTAGERS. 

'Tis  evenm^,^^  and  the  sun's  last  gleam 

Beneath^s''  the  wave  will  soon  be  gone  ; 
But  ere  it  leaves  the  mountain  stream, 

Our  vintage  labor  will  be  done. 
Hark !  hark  l^''  the  ipeaUng^^  vesper  bell 

From  toil  unto  devo^io?i^^  calls. 
Of  hope  and  joy  it  seems  to  tell, 

As  sweetZj/^53  ^^  the  ear  it  falls. 

'Tis  sweet  to  rest  from  toil  awhile  ; 

And  when  the  shades  of  night  are  come, 
To  meet  the  cheering^^  welcome  smile, 

That  waits  us  at  our  peaceful^'*  home. 
Hark  !  hark  \^  the  peah'w^^^  vesper  bell, 

From  toil  unto  devotio7i^°^  calls, 
Of  hope  and  joy  it  seems  to  tell 

As  sweetly^^  on  the  ear  it  falls. 


THE  CLOSE  OF  LIFE. 

When  life's  last  lustre  sheds  a  fee6Ze^^  ray. 
And  time  with  silent^^  finger  marks  decay ; 
When  scarce  the  droopin^^"*  wing  has  power  to  soar. 
GladZy^^*  we  give  the  unequaP*  co^itest^^"  o'er  ;^* 
And  humbly^**  hope  in  this  our  last  re-quest^ 
To  trim  our  even^?^^^  lamp,  then  sink  to  rest. 


116  A  COJIPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

EXERCISE  THIRTY-FIRST. 

FOR  THE  learner's  PRACTICE. 

A  well  instructed  people  alone^"  can  be  a  free 
people.  BeantY  is  no  longer  amiaft/e  than  while 
virtue^^^  adorns  it.  Charily,  like  the  sun,  brightens 
every  oh-ject  on  which  it  shines.  Disappointment* 
and  distress  are  often  blessi?i^5  in  disguise.  Ex- 
ercise and  temperance  strengthen  the  cowstitu^tow, 
and  sweeten  the  enjoywe/i^s  of  life.  Feeft^e  are  all 
the  pleanSMzes  in  which  the  heart  has  no  share. 
Guilt  may  attain  temporal  splendor  but  can  never 
confer  real  happiness.  Happiness  is  a  theme  on 
which  all  delight  to  expa^ia^e.  It  is  not  only 
cruel  but  base  to  sport  with  the  sorrows  and  suffer- 
ings of  the  unfortunate.*'*  Jealousy,  hatred,  mal- 
ice, and  other  malignant  passions  pervert  the  soul 
and  cramp  the  best  feelings  of  our  na/nre.  Know- 
ledge'^of  man  is  highly  important  for  all  to  obtain. 
Let  not  the  blessings  we  daiZy  receive  from  God, 
make  us  not  to  value,  or  not  praise  him  because 
they  are  common.  Modesty  sits  gracefnlli/  upon 
youth,  it  covers  a  multi-tude  of  faults,  and  doubles 
the  lustre  of  every  virtue  which  it  seems  to  hide. 
No  reg\i]aiion  of  con-duct  can  altogether^''  prevent 
pa.ssions  from  disturbi??^  our  peace,^'*  and  misfor- 
tunes from  wounding  our  hearts.  Over^*  all  the 
moments  of  life,  religion  scatters  her  favors,  but  re- 
serves her  best,  her  choicest  blessings  for  the  last 
hour.  Possess  your  mind  with  the  vast  importance 
of  a  good  judgment,  and  the  in-estimable^*  advan- 
tage of  right  reasoning. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  117 

EXERCISE   THIRTY-SECOND. 

FOR  THE  learner's    PRACTICE. 

Religion  is  the  daughter  of  heaven,  parent  of  our 
virtues,  andscource  of  all  true  felicity.  Seek  your 
companions  and  friends  in  the  society  of  the  repu- 
ta6/e,  the  wise  and  the  good.  The  sentiments  of 
universaP^^  benev-[olence^'  expands  the  heart,  hu- 
manizes the  mind,  and  fosters  every  genero?<5  affec- 
tion. The  end  of  learni/<^  is  to  know  God,  and 
out  of  that  knowledge'^'  to  love  him,  and  to  imitate 
him,  as  we  may  the  nearest,  by  possessing  our  souls 
of  true  virtue.  Universai^^^  ignorance  or  infinite 
errors  will  overspread  the  mind  which  is  utterly  neg- 
lected  and  lies  withouf^^  any  cultivaifion.  Vices 
are  never  ixxMy  eradi-[cated,^''  it  is  easier  to  prevent 
their  betn^  planted,  than  to  restrain  their  growth 
after  they  have  once  taken  root.  We  should  dis- 
pose of  the  time  past  to  observation  and  reflection, 
of  the  time  present  to  duty,  and  of  the  time  to  come 
to  providence.  When  men  have  once'^i  resolved 
upon  a  difficult  and  dangeroMs  enterprise,  no  time 
seems  so  tedions  as  the  space  betwixt^"  the  deter- 
mination  and  the  execution.  Your  duty,  your 
inter-est,  and  your  happiness  require  that  you 
should  associate  only  with  the  intelli-[gent^"  and 
the  virtuous.  Zealously  7?nrsue  that  course  of  life, 
which  will  be  the  most  conducive  to  the  general 
good  of  all.  Zest  may  be  given  to  virtuous  prac- 
[tices  by  the  loveliness  of  virtuous  precepts.  Zeal- 
ously endeavor  to  allewiate  the  wants  of  the  poor. 


lis  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

EXERCISE  THIRTY-THIRD. 

FOR  THE    learner's   PRACTICE. 

THE    HOME    OF    HAPPIER    DAYS. 

Yes,  briofht  the  velvet  lawn  appears 

And  fair  the  hlooming-  bowers 
Yet  blame  nie  not,  I  view  with  tears 

This  scence  of  light  and  flowers. 
Str.ingers  possess  my  native  halls, 

And  tread  my  wonted  ways  ; 
Alas  !  no  look,  no  voice  recalls, 

The  home  of  happier  days. 

The  gay  guitar  is  still  in  tune. 
The  green -ho  use  plants  are  rare  ; 

Glad  faces  throng  the  wide  saloon, 
But  none  I  love  are  there.     - 

O  !  give  me  friendship' s^^^  cherish'd^'  tone 
Give  me  affec-tion's^^^  gaze  ; 

Else  my  sad  heart  can  never  own 

The  home  of  happier  days. 


RE  L  I  G  I  ON. 

Religion  hail  !  by  God  divineZ^/  gi  ven 

To  soothe  our  woes,  and  lift  our  hearts  to  heaven  ; 

By  thee  inspired  our  souls  superior  rise 

To  EARTHLY  thiugs  and  gain  by  faith  the  skies. 

O  !  be  thy  influence  through  my  bosom  shed. 

When  sorrows  threaten  and  when  dangers  spread ; 

Or  in  prosperi/y'5  alluring'  hour 

Still  may  I  feel  thy  sweet  coniioWing  power. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHr.  119 

EXERCISE  THIRTY-FOURTH. 

FOE   THE   learner's   PRACTICE. 

'THE    MEMORY    OF    JOYS  THAT  ARE  PAST." 

There  is  a  tear  of  sweet  relief — 

A  tear  of  rapture  and  of  grief; 

The  feeli?ig  heart  alone**^  can  know 

What  soft  emotiojis  bid  it  flow. 

It  is  when  memory  charms  the  mind, 

With  tender  images  refined ; 

'T  is  when  her  magic  spells  restore 

Departed  friends  and  joys  no  more. 

There  is  an  hour — a  pensive  hour ; 
And  oh  !  how  dear  its  soothing  power ! 
It  is  when  twilight  spreads  her  veil, 
And  steals  along^'^  the  silent  dale  ; 
'Tis  when  the  fading  blossoms  close. 
When  all  is  silence  and  repose ; 
Then  memory  wakes  and  loves'*"  to  mourn, 
The  days  that  never  can  return. 

There  is  a  strain — a  plaintive  strain. 
The  source  of  joy  and  yet  of  pain  ; 
It  is  the  song  whose  dyiw^  measure 
Some  friend  beloved  has  heard  with  plea^«e. 
Some  friend  who  ne'er  again  may  hear. 
The  melti?i^  lay  to  memory  dear ; 
Ah  !  then  her  magic  spells  restore 
Wsions  of  bliss/'uZ  days  no  more. 

FELICIA    HEMANS. 


190  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

EXERCISE  THIRTY-FIFTH. 

FOR  THE  learner's  PRACTICE. 

Concluding  sentence  of  the  Speech  of  the  Right  Honorable  Lord 
Brougham,  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  England,  on  the  Second  Read- 
ing of  the  Reform  Bill.  Delivered  in  the  House  of  Lords,  on  Friday, 
the  7th  of  October,  1831. 

This  I  know,  that  as  sure  as  man  is  man,  the 
delay  of  justice  serves  but  to  enhance  the  price  at 
which  you  must  purchase  safety  and  peace.^"  Your 
hoidships^^^  are  the  highest  judicial  authority^  in 
the  realm;  you  sit  here  as  judges  in  all  causes, 
civil  and  criminal,  which  can  come  between^"  sub- 
ject and-subject.^9  It  is  the  first  officc  of  judges,  never 
to  decide  in  any,  the  most  trilling-  cause,  without^* 
healing-  every  thing  that  can  be  given  in  evidence 
conceining-  it.  Will  you  decide  the  great  cause  of 
a  na-^iowV"  hopes  and  fears  without^^s  a  hearmo"? 
Beware  of  your  decision.^^"  Rouse  not  the  spirif^"^ 
of  a  peace'^i^-lovingj^'i  but  determined  people,  alien- 
ate*^ not  the  affec-tions  of  a  great  empire  from  your 
body. 

As  your  friend,  as  the  friend  of  my  country,  as 
the  servant  of  my  sovereign,  I  counsel  you  to  assist 
with  all  your  efforts  to  preserve  the  nation[al^*] 
peace,'^"  and  perpet[uate^^J  the  nation[al^^]  prosper- 
ity. For  all  these  reasons,  I  pray  and  beseech  you 
not  to  reject  this  bill.  I  call  upon  you  by  all  that 
you  hold  most  dear,  by  all  that  binds  every  one  of 
us  to  our  common  order  and  our  common  country, 
unless,  indeed,  you  are  prepared  to  say  that  you 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  121 

will  admit  of  no  Yeform^  that  you  are  resolved 
against'®*  all  change,  for  in  that  case,  oppositions^" 
would  at  least  be  consistent ;  I  beseech  you,  I 
solemn/?/  adjure  you,  yea,  even  on  bended  knees, 
my  lords,  I  implore  you  not  to  reject  this  bill. 


EXERCISE  THIRTY-SIXTH. 

FOR  THE  LEABNER's  PRACTICE. 

A  FATHER'S  SORROW. 

I  bid  thee  go  in  grief  and  tears,  fair  daughter  of  my  heart, 
For  brightest  days  are  clouded  oft,  and  sweetest  joys  depart; 
Thou'lt  find  this  world  so  flattering  now,  alas  !  a  vale  of  tears, 
The  cup  of  our  existence  fiU'd  with  sorrow  and  with  fears. 

I  give  thee  to  thy  lover's  arms,  my  beauti/u/ — my  child— 
For  well  I  know  thy  guileZess  heart  has  fondZy  on  him  smil'd ; 
He'll  take  thee  to  the  altar,  a  young  and  blooming  bride, 
But  hard  I  feel  it  is  to  part  with  all  a  father's  pride. 

I  think  me  of  the  days  gone  by  when  on  thy  mother's  breast, 
I  us'd  to  watch  thy  infant  sleep  and  bless  thy  place  of  rest ; 
And  often  in  the  even-tide  I  took  thee  on  my  knee, 
And  happi/y  the  hours  went  on  amid  thy  childhood's  glee. 

i  think  me  of  the  loving  eye  of  thy  young  maidenAood , 
When  joyfully  to  greet  me  home,  thou'st  by  the  jasmine  stood  ; 
And  all  thy  gentle  words  are  fresh  e'en  now  upon  my  ear. 
The  music  of  thy  youth  which  us'd  a  father's  heart  to  cheer. 

When  thy  mother's  cheek  grew  pale  and  her  farewell  kiss  was  given 
And  the  blessed  angel  took  her  to  live  with  God  in  heaven  ; 
How  oft  I  twined  my  fingers  in  thy  dark  raven  hair. 
And  trac'd  her  features  in  thy  face  and  found  a  portrait  there. 
11 


1 22  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

I  give  thee  to  thy  lover's  arms,  my  beauti/uZ — my  child — 
For  well  I  know  thy  guileZe«s  heart  has  fond/y  on  him  smil'd ; 
He'll  take  tbee  to  the  altar,  a  young  and  blooming  bride. 
But  hard  I  leel  it  is  to  part  with  all  a  father's  pride. 

I  hope  that  he  will  be  to  thee,  the  good — the  fond — the  true — 
And  never  then  thy  marriage  hour  like  some  thou  'It  \a.ialy  rue  ; 
When  sorrow  's  in  thy  dwelling  love,  he  '11  take  thee  to  his  heart, 
And  kiss  away  each  bitter  tear  that  from  thy  eyelids  start. 

He  '11  bless  thee  at  his  going  out,  and  at  his  coming  in, 
And  thou  wilt  catch  each  look  of  love,  and  strive  e'en  more  to  win  ; 
He  will  be  thy  strength  in  weakness,  thy  joy  in  sorrow's  hour. 
Thy  friend  before  a  faithless  world,  thy  rainbow  in  the  shower. 

When  friends  have  false  or  fickle  prov'd,  and  care  sits  on  his  brow, 
When  fortune's  lash  is  keen/y  felt,  remember  then  thy  vow  ; 
And  take  him  in  his  sadden'd  mood,  thy  fairy  hands  caress. 
And  let  him  know  the  treasure  which  in  tbee  he  does  possess. 

Thou  'It  thus  be  round  him  all  thy  days,  a  tender  graceful  flower, 
And  he  will  be  thy  safe-guard  from  the  ruthZess  temp-est's  power  : 
Close  clasp  thy  love  together,  be  his  beauty  and  his  pride, 
And  the  "  shadow  of  a  rock"  be  thine  throughout  the  desert  wide. 

I  bless  thee  then  my  gentle  girl,  receive  my  benison, 
And  may  the  tie  now  near/y  wove,  be  formed  again  in  heavew  ; 
And  though  in  bidding  thee  farewell,  there  's  sadnes*  on  my  brow, 
I  '11  lead  thee  to  the  altar,  God's  blessing  on  thy  vow. 


HOME! 

Home  !  't  is  the  name  of  all  that  sweetens  life  ; 
Oh  !  't  is  a  name  of  more  than  magic  spell, 
Whose  sacred  power  the  wanderer  best  can  tell ; 
He  who  long  distant  from  his  native  land 
Feels  at  her  name  his  eager  love  expand  ; 
Whether  as  parent,  husband,  father,  friend, 
To  that  dear  point  his  thoughts,  his  wishes  bend  ; 
And  still  he  owns  where'er  his  footsteps  roam, 
Life's  choicesf  blessing*  centre  all  at  home. 


SCrENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  123 

EXERCISE  THIRTY-SEVENTH. 

FOR  THE  LEARNEK'S  PRACTICE. 

THE  DAYS  THAT  ARE  P^ST. 

We  will  not  deplore  them,  the  days  that  are  past ; 

The  gloom  of  misfortune  is  over  them  cast ; 

They  are  lengthened  by  sorrow,  and  sullied  by  care, 

Their  griefs  were  too  many,  their  joys  were  too  rare  ; 

Yet  now  that  their  shadows  are  on  us  no  more. 

Let  us  welcome  the  piospect  that  brightens  before  ! 

We  have  cherished  fair  hopes,  we  have  plotted  brave  schemes, 
We  have  lived  till  we  find  them  illusive  as  dreams ; 
Wealth  has  melted  like  snow  that  is  grasped  in  the  hand, 
And  the  steps  we  have  climbed  have  departed  like  sand. 
Yet  shall  we  despond  while  of  health  wnbereft  ?J04 
And  honor,  bright  honor,  and  freedom,  are  left  ? 

Oh !  shall  we  despond  while  the  pages  of  time 
iZe-open  before  us  the  records  sttfilime  ! 
While,  enno&Zed  by  treaswre*  more  precious  than  gold, 
We  can  walk  with  the  martyrs  and  heroes  of  old  ; 
While  humanity  whispers  such  truths  in  the  ear 
As  it  softens  the  heart  its  sweet  music  to  hear  ? 

Oh !  shall  we  despond,  while  with  vision  still  free. 
We  can  gaze  on  the  sky  and  the  earth  and  the  sea  ; 
While  the  sunshine  can  waken  a  burst  of  delight. 
And  the  stars  are  a  joy  and  a  glory  by  night ; 
While  each  harmony,  running  through  nature,  can  raise 
In  our  spirits  the  impulse  of  gladness  and  praise  ? 

Oh  !  let  us  no  longer  then  vainZy  l&ment 
Over  scenes  that  are  faded  and  days  that  are  spent : 
But  by  faith  unforsaken,  wnawed  by  mischance, 
On  hope's  waving  banner  still  fixed  be  our  glance  : 
And  should  fortune  prove  cruel,  and  false,  to  the  last, 
Let  us  look  to  the  future  and  not  to  the  past. 

EPES  SARGEST. 


124  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

EXERCISE  THIRTY-EIGHTH. 

MEMORY. 

A  ready  recollection^*  ]  of  our  knowledge,  at 
the  moment  when  we  have  occasion  for  it,  is  a  tal- 
ent  of  the  greatest  importance.  The  man  possessed 
of  it  seldom  fails  to  distin  o-zt  isA  himself  in  whatever 
sort  of  business  he  may  be  engaged.  It  is  indeed 
evi-dent  that  where  the  power  of  retention  is  weak, 
all  attempts  at  emiyience  of  knowledge  must  be 
vain  :  for  memory  is  a  primary  and  fundamental 
power,  without  which  there  could  be  little  other 
intel[lectual^^  ]  operation.  Judgment  and  reason- 
ing" suppose  SOMETHING  already  kiiowu,  and  draw 
their  decision  only  from  experience.  Imagination 
selects  ideas  from  the  treasures  of  remem[brance,'*'  J 
and  produces  novelty  only  by  varied  combination;?. 
We  do  not  even  form  conjectures  of  distant,  or  an- 
ticipations of  {uiure  events,  but  by  concludi?io' 
what  is  possi6/e  from  what  is  past. 


MEDITATION. 

It  is  by  meditation  that  we  fix  in  our  memory 
whatever  we  learn,  and  form  our  own  judgment  of 

the  truth  or-falsehood,  ^02  the   strength  or-weakness,  ^  of 

what  others  speak  or  write.  It  is  meditation  or 
study  that  draws  out  long  chains  of  argument  and 
searches,  and  finds,  deep  and  difficult  truths,  which 
BEFORE  lay  concealed  in  darkness. 

The    way    to    gain    a   good    reputa-^ion  is  to 
endeavor  to  be  what  you  desire  to  appear. 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY.  12S 

EXERCISE  THIRTY-NINTH. 

FOR  THE    learner's  PRACTICE. 

THE    WORLD   TO   COME. 

If  all  our  hopes  and  all  our  fears 

Were  prisoned  in  life's  narrow  bound ; 
If,  travelers  through  this  vale  of  tears, 

We  saw  no  better  world  beyond, 
Oh  !  what  could  check  the  rising  sigh? 

What  EARTHLY  thing  could  pleasure  give  l 
Oh !  who  would  venture  then  to  die  ? — 

Or  who  would  venture  then  to  live? 

Were  life  a  dark  and  desert  moor, 

Where  mists  and  clouds  eternal  spread 
Their  gloomy  vail  behind,  before,^ 

And  temp-ests  thunder  overheard ; 
Where  not  a  sunbeam  breaks  the  gloom, 

And  not  a  floweret  smiles  beneath, — 
Who  would  exist  in  such  a  tomb — 

Who  dwell  in  darkness  and  in  death  "^ 

And  such  were  life  without  the  ray 

Of  our  divine  religion  given ; 
'Tis  this  that  makes  our  darkness  day, 

'T  is  this  that  makes  our  earth  a  heaven  ! 
Bright  is  the  golden  sun  above, 

And  beautiful  the  flowers  that  bloom, 
And  all  is  joy,  and  all  is  love, 

Re-flected  from  the  world  to  come  ! 

B0WRIN6. 

11* 


126  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

EXERCISE      FORTIETH. 

FOR  THE  LEAEHEH's    PRACTICE, 

THE    FARMERS    OF    NEW    ENGLAND. 

Mr.  Colman,  in  one  of  his  addresses,  before  an  agricultural  society  in 
Connecticut,  thus  describes  the  happy  condition  of  an  industrious 
New  England  Farmer. 

"The  farmers  of  New  England^'  have  every 
reason  to  thank  God  for  the  co7idition  in  which 
they  are  placed.  They  need  not  sigh  for  more  ge- 
nial climes  nor  more  fertile  soils ;  these  they  cannot 
have  WITHOUT  dread/wZ  abatemew^s  of  health  and 
comfort.  Of  all  the  conditions  on  earth,  which  it 
has  been  my  lot  to  see  or  to  read  of,  I  am  bold  to 
aver  that  I  know  of  none  more  favoraiZe  to  health, 
competence,  enjoyment,  and  intellectual^*  ]  and 
moral  improvewe^i^,  than  that  enjoyed  by  the  rural 
population  of  New  England.  I  despise  the  cow- 
tempt  with  which  some  pretend  to  look  down 
upon  us,  and  the  0/3/jrobrium  which  they  have  the 
ivapude7ice  to  cast  upon  our  habits  of  thrift  and 
frugal  iV^/.  I  deem  it  my  highest  boast,  that  I  am  a 
New  England  man  and  a  yankee.  I  do  not  ask  to 
have  a  livino-  without  labor ;  this  would  be  ask- 
ing  for  a  curse  instead  of  a  blessing,  and  a  boon  for 
which  I  have  no  claim.  I  only  ask  that  a  livinn^ 
shall  be  secure  to  me  with  reasonable  labor ;  and 
this,  New  England,  in  her  varioiis  departments  of 
industry,  promises  to  all  her  children. 

Better  than  all  this,  more  than  any  other  commnn- 
ity  in  our  country,  New  England  is  one  common 


SCIENCE  OF   STENOGKAPHT.  127 

brotherhood,  linked  together  by  a  common  sym- 
pathy, a  common  origin,  and  the  interchange  of 
good  offices.  In  our  civil  and  rehgiotis  blessm^^, 
where  is  a  communiii/  more  favored  ?  Where  are 
tlie  means  of  education  more  extended,  the  institu- 
tions  of  rehgion  better  maintained,  the  pubUc  peace 
more  quiet,  the  standard  of  morals  higher,  the 
course  of  justice  more  established,^'  ]  and  the 
courtesies  of  life  more  freely  rendered  ?  Where  is 
the  SPIRIT  of  inquiry  and  improvement  more 
prompt  and  diffusive  ? 

From  the  beauti/z^Z  prairies  of  the  great  Western 
valley,  fertile  as  the  banks  of  the  Nile,  and  magnif- 
[icent^**]  beyond  description,  I  yet  return  to  my 
native  home  in  New  England  with  all  the  warmth 
of  a  first  LOVE.  Her  secluded  valleys,  her  verdant 
meadows,  her  rounded  summits,  her  dense  forests, 
her  rocky  mountains,  her  crystal  lakes,  her  ocean- 
bound  shores,  her  silver  streams,  her  gushing 
springs — are  all  charming^  to  me.  Here,  too,  my 
friends  and  brethren  dwell.  I  am  satisfied  to  live 
UNDER  her  stormy  skies,  to  encounter  her  bristling 
temp-ests,  to  dig  in  her  hard  soil — for  the  mind,  as 
well  as  the  body,  is  braced  by  the  exposure  and  the 
toil.  In  the  midst  of  what  others  deem  evils,  I  see 
inrmmerable^*  compensations  for  which  I  look  in 
vain  to  other  countries  and  climes  apparen//y  more 
favored.  In  whatever  direction  I  turn  my  eyes, 
there  is  every  where  such  an  exuberance  of  bless- 
ings to  those  who  will  per-form  their  duty,  that  it 


128  A   COMPLETE   GUIDE   TO  THE 

would  be  the  height  of  ingraiitud^*  to  complain, 
and  the  height  of  Mly  to  abandon  a  certain  good 
for  that  which  is  at  least  ?<ncertain^  and  douhiful. 
I  cling  to  her  with  the  warmest  affec-tion  of  a  child 
— and  hdiving  been  so  long  sheltered  and  nourished 
by  her  never  failing  care  and  kindness,  I  ask  only 
that  I  may  find  my  last  restiw^-place  in  the  lap 
which  gave  me  birth." 


EXERCISE  FORTY-FIRST. 

Conclusion  of  a  Discourse  delivered  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  Dec.  22d 
1820,  in  commemoration  of  the  first  settlement  in  New  England. — 
By  Daniel  Webster. 

Let-us-not^2  forget  the  religiows  character  of  our 
origin.  Our  father's^^  were  brought  hither  by  their 
high  venera^to7^  for  the  Christian*^  religion.  They 
journeyed  in  its  light,  and  labored  in  its  hope. 
They  sought  to  incorporate  its  principles  with  the 
ele^nen^s  of  their  socie/y,  and  to  diffuse  its  influ-  M 
eiice  through^  all  their  institu/io7i5,  civil,  political, 
and  literary.  Let  us  cherish  these  seniimentSj  and 
extend  their  influe^ice  still  more  wideZy;  in  the 
full  conviction  that  that  is  the  happiest  society 
which  partakes  in  the  highest  degree  of  the  mild 
and  peaceable'^"  spirit""  of  Christianity."" 

The  hours  of  this  day  are  rapidZy  flym^,  and 
this  occasio/i  will  soon  be  passed.  Neither  we  nor 
our  children  can  expect  to  behold  its  return.  They 
are  in  the  distant  regions  of  futurtVy,  they  exist 
only  in  the  all-creati?i^  power  of  God ;  who  shall 


SCIENCE  OF  STENOGRAPHY,  129 

Stand  here,  a  hundred  years  hence,  to  trace 
through'^'' us,  their  descent  from  the  pilgrims,  and 
to  survey,  as  we-have  now  surveyed,  the  progress 
of  their  country  durm^  the  lapse  of  a  century. 
We-would  anticipate  their  concurrence  with  us  in 
our  sentiments  of  deep  regard  for  our  common  an- 
cestors. We-would  anticipate  and  partake  the 
pleaswre  with  which  they  will  then  re-count  the 
steps  of  New  England's^"  advancement  On  the 
morning'  of  that  day,  although ^^^  it  will  not  disturb 
us  in  our  repose,  the  voice  of  acclamation  and 
gratitude  commencing  on  the  rock  of  Plymouth,'^ 
shall  be  transmitted  through^^  millions^^  of  the 
sons  of  the  pilgrims,  till  it  lose  itself  in  the  mur- 
murs of  the  Pacific!^  seas. 

We-would  leave,  for  the  consideration  of  those 
who  shall  then  occupy  our  places,  some  proof  that 
we  hold  the  blessings  ^ra?ismitted  from  our  fathers 
in  just  estimation  ;  some  proof  of  our  attachment  to 
the  cause  of  good  government,  and  of  civil  and  relig- 
ious liberty  ;  some  proof  of  a  sincere  and  ardent  de- 
sire to  joromote  every  thing  which  may  enlarge  the 
understandings,  and  improve  the  hearts  of  men. 
And  when  from  the  long  distance  of  a  hundred 
years,  they  shall  look  back  upon  us,  they  shall 
know,  at  least,  that  we  possessed  affec-tions,  which, 
running  backward,  and  warming  with  gratitude 
for  what  our  ancestors  have  done  for  our  happiness, 
run  foriaard  also  to  our  posterity,  and  meet  them 
with  cordial  salutation,  ere  yet  they  have  arrived 
on  the  shore  of  Bei7ig. 


130  A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE 

Advance,  then,  ye  future  generations  /  We- 
would  hail  you,  as  you  rise  in  your  long  succes- 
sion, to  fill  the  places  which  we  now  fill,  and  to 
taste  the  blessings  of  existence  where  we  are  pass- 
itig,  and  soon  shall  have  passed,  our  human  dura- 
tion. We  bid  you  welcome  to  this  pleasa/i^  land 
of  the  Fathers.*"*  We  bid  you  welcome  to  the 
healthful  skies  and  the  verdant  fields  of  New  Eng- 
land.^^  We  greet  your  accession  to  the  great  in- 
heritance which  we-have  enjoyed.  We  welcome 
you  to  the  blessing*  of  good  government,  and 
religioMS  liberty.  We  welcome  you  to  the  treasures 
of  science  and  the  delights  of  learninj^-.  We  wel- 
come you  to  the  transcendent  sweets  of  domestic 
life,  to  the  happi7tess  of  kindred,  and  parents,  and 
children.  We  welcome  you  to  the  immeasura6/e^* 
blessings  of  ration  [aP^']  exist-ence,  the  immortal-"* 
hope  of  Christianity .**<  and  the  light  of  everlasting 
Truth. 


\ 


INDEX. 

Preface,    3 

Testimonials,  &c )3 

Opinions  of  Eminent  Men  on  the  utility  of  Short  Hand, 24 

Remarks  on  Application  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Davenport 35 

Introduction  to  the  Science,  Materials  for  Writing,  Choice  of  Pencils.    .  27 

Choice  of  Pens,  Choice  of  Paper, 3S 

Directions  for  holding  Pen  or  Pencil,  learning  the  Consonants,  &c.,  29 

ExBRCisE  I.    The  Consonants  Alphabetically  arranged, 33 

Exercise  II.    The  Consonants  classified, 34 

ExBEcisE  III.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice, 36 

Exercise  IV.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice, 3t 

Directions  for  Joining  the  Consonants,  &c 39 

Of  Spelling,  &c., 40 

Exposition  of  the  Consonants, 43 

Exposition  of  the  Double  Consonants, , 52 

Exercise  V.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice, 54 

Exposition  of  the  Vowels  and  Diphthongs, 57 

Exercise  VI.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice 62 

Exercise  VII.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice, 67 

On  Application  of  the  Alphabeticeil  Characters  when  written  singly,    .  70 

Of  Proper  Names,  &c., 71 

Exercise  VIII.    List  of  words  expressed  by  the  Consonants,     ...  72 

Exercise  IX.    List  of  words  expressed  by  the  Vowels  and  Diphthongs,  73 

Exercise  X.    Marks  of  Abbreviation,  Pimctuation,  &c., 74 

Specimen  of  Short  Hand,  No.  1., 75 

Exercise  XI.    Select  Sentences  for  the  Learner's  practice,     ....  76 

Exercise  XII.    Words  expressed  by  the  Consonants  and  cross  line,  80 

Exercise  XIII.    Words  expressed  by  the  Vowel  and  cross  line,     .    .  81 

Exercise  XIV.    Words  expressed  by  Natural  Contractions.    ...  fi3 


132  INDEX. 

Page. 

Of  repetition  of  Words  and  Sentences 64 

Of  Antitheses,  &c OS 

Exercise  XV.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice 86 

Exercise  XVI.  Select  Sentences  for  the  Learner's  practice.  ...  87 
Of  Prepositions  and  Terminations  ;  Prep,  expressed  by  Arbitrary  Signs.  9& 
Of  Prepositions  and  Terminations  expressed  by  Alphabetical  Characters.  92 
Exercise  XVII.  List  of  Prepositions  represented  by  Alpha.  Characters.  94 
Exercise  XVIII.    List  of  Terminations  represented  by  Alpha.  Charac.     93 

Exercise  XIX.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice 90 

Exercise  XX.    Select  Sentences  for  the  Learner's  practice.      ...       98 

Exercise  XXI.    "Here  then  we  part  for  ever." 99 

Exercise  XXII.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice.      .    .    .    ,    .      100 

Exercise  XXIII.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice 101 

Exercise  XXIV.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice 103 

Exercise  XXV.    "The  Beacon-Light." 106 

Exercise  XXVI.    "A  Son's  farewell  to  his  Mother  &c." 107 

Exercise  XXVII.    Prayer. 108 

Of  Abbreviation  of  Words,  Combination  of  Words,  &c 109 

ExEBoisK  XXVIIt.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice 110 

Exercise  xxix.    Examples  for  the  Learner's  practice Ill 

Miscellaneous  Rules  and  Directions 119 

Exercise  XXX.    "A  Hymn  of  the  Vintagers."    .  115 

Exercise  XXXI.  Select  Sentences  for  the  Learner's  practice.  .  .  .  116 
Exercise  XXXII.  Select  Sentences  for  the  Learner's  practice,  .  .  117 
ExERCise  XXXIII.  "The  Home  of  Happier  Days,"  "Religion,"  .  .  118 
Exercise  XXXIV.  "  The  Memory  of  joys  that  are  past."  ....  119 
^    Exercise  XXXV.    Conclusion  of  a  Speech  by  Lord  Brougham.    .    .    .    120 

ExEECisK  XXXVI.    "  A  Father's  Sorrow."       121 

Exercise  XXXVII,    "  The  Days  that  are  past." 128 

Exercise  XXXVIII.    "Memory,',    "Meditation."    <tc 124 

Exercise  XXXIX.    "  The  World  to  come." 125 

Exercise  XL.    "  The  Fanners  of  New  England." 126 

ExBBCiSE  XLI.    Conclusion  of  a  Discourse  by  Daniel  Webster.      .    .    .128 


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